रुधिर

See also: रोध्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৰুধিৰ (Assamese script)
ᬭᬸᬥᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
রুধির (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰲𑰠𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑀼𑀥𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
ရုဓိရ (Burmese script)
રુધિર (Gujarati script)
ਰੁਧਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌰𑍁𑌧𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦫꦸꦣꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂩𑂳𑂡𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ರುಧಿರ (Kannada script)
រុធិរ (Khmer script)
ຣຸຘິຣ (Lao script)
രുധിര (Malayalam script)
ᡵᡠᢡᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘨𑘳𑘠𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠷᠤᢑᠾᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧈𑧔𑧀𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑐸𑐢𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
ରୁଧିର (Odia script)
ꢬꢸꢤꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆶𑆣𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖲𑖠𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
රුධිර (Sinhalese script)
𑩼𑩒𑩮𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚤𑚰𑚜𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
ருதி⁴ர (Tamil script)
రుధిర (Telugu script)
รุธิร (Thai script)
རུ་དྷི་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒳𑒡𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨫𑨃𑨜𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀- (raoⁱδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).

The epenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾu.dʱi.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɾu.d̪ʱi.ɾɐ/

Adjective

रुधिर • (rudhirá)

red, blood-red, bloody

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रुधिर (rudhirá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुधिरः rudhiráḥ	रुधिरौ / रुधिरा¹ rudhiraú / rudhirā́¹	रुधिराः / रुधिरासः¹ rudhirā́ḥ / rudhirā́saḥ¹
Vocative	रुधिर rúdhira	रुधिरौ / रुधिरा¹ rúdhirau / rúdhirā¹	रुधिराः / रुधिरासः¹ rúdhirāḥ / rúdhirāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रुधिरम् rudhirám	रुधिरौ / रुधिरा¹ rudhiraú / rudhirā́¹	रुधिरान् rudhirā́n
Instrumental	रुधिरेण rudhiréṇa	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरैः / रुधिरेभिः¹ rudhiraíḥ / rudhirébhiḥ¹
Dative	रुधिराय rudhirā́ya	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Ablative	रुधिरात् rudhirā́t	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Genitive	रुधिरस्य rudhirásya	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिराणाम् rudhirā́ṇām
Locative	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिरेषु rudhiréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of रुधिरा (rudhirā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुधिरा rudhirā́	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिराः rudhirā́ḥ
Vocative	रुधिरे rúdhire	रुधिरे rúdhire	रुधिराः rúdhirāḥ
Accusative	रुधिराम् rudhirā́m	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिराः rudhirā́ḥ
Instrumental	रुधिरया / रुधिरा¹ rudhiráyā / rudhirā́¹	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिराभिः rudhirā́bhiḥ
Dative	रुधिरायै rudhirā́yai	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिराभ्यः rudhirā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	रुधिरायाः / रुधिरायै² rudhirā́yāḥ / rudhirā́yai²	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिराभ्यः rudhirā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	रुधिरायाः / रुधिरायै² rudhirā́yāḥ / rudhirā́yai²	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिराणाम् rudhirā́ṇām
Locative	रुधिरायाम् rudhirā́yām	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिरासु rudhirā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of रुधिर (rudhirá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुधिरम् rudhirám	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rudhirā́ṇi / rudhirā́¹
Vocative	रुधिर rúdhira	रुधिरे rúdhire	रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rúdhirāṇi / rúdhirā¹
Accusative	रुधिरम् rudhirám	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rudhirā́ṇi / rudhirā́¹
Instrumental	रुधिरेण rudhiréṇa	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरैः / रुधिरेभिः¹ rudhiraíḥ / rudhirébhiḥ¹
Dative	रुधिराय rudhirā́ya	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Ablative	रुधिरात् rudhirā́t	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Genitive	रुधिरस्य rudhirásya	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिराणाम् rudhirā́ṇām
Locative	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिरेषु rudhiréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

रुधिरोद्गारिन् (rudhirodgārin)

Noun

रुधिर • (rudhirá) stem, m

the bloodred planet or Mars
a kind of precious stone (compare रुधिराख्य (rudhirā*khya))

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रुधिर (rudhirá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुधिरः rudhiráḥ	रुधिरौ / रुधिरा¹ rudhiraú / rudhirā́¹	रुधिराः / रुधिरासः¹ rudhirā́ḥ / rudhirā́saḥ¹
Vocative	रुधिर rúdhira	रुधिरौ / रुधिरा¹ rúdhirau / rúdhirā¹	रुधिराः / रुधिरासः¹ rúdhirāḥ / rúdhirāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रुधिरम् rudhirám	रुधिरौ / रुधिरा¹ rudhiraú / rudhirā́¹	रुधिरान् rudhirā́n
Instrumental	रुधिरेण rudhiréṇa	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरैः / रुधिरेभिः¹ rudhiraíḥ / rudhirébhiḥ¹
Dative	रुधिराय rudhirā́ya	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Ablative	रुधिरात् rudhirā́t	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Genitive	रुधिरस्य rudhirásya	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिराणाम् rudhirā́ṇām
Locative	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिरेषु rudhiréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

रुधिर • (rudhirá) stem, n

saffron
name of a city

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of रुधिर (rudhirá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुधिरम् rudhirám	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rudhirā́ṇi / rudhirā́¹
Vocative	रुधिर rúdhira	रुधिरे rúdhire	रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rúdhirāṇi / rúdhirā¹
Accusative	रुधिरम् rudhirám	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिराणि / रुधिरा¹ rudhirā́ṇi / rudhirā́¹
Instrumental	रुधिरेण rudhiréṇa	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरैः / रुधिरेभिः¹ rudhiraíḥ / rudhirébhiḥ¹
Dative	रुधिराय rudhirā́ya	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Ablative	रुधिरात् rudhirā́t	रुधिराभ्याम् rudhirā́bhyām	रुधिरेभ्यः rudhirébhyaḥ
Genitive	रुधिरस्य rudhirásya	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिराणाम् rudhirā́ṇām
Locative	रुधिरे rudhiré	रुधिरयोः rudhiráyoḥ	रुधिरेषु rudhiréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Bengali: রুধির (rudhir)
Pali: rudhira
→ Old Javanese: rudhira
- > Javanese: ꦫꦸꦢꦶꦫ (rudira), ꦭꦸꦢꦶꦫ (ludira) (inherited)
- → Balinese: ᬭᬸᬥᬶᬭ (rudira)
→ Tamil: உதிரம் (utiram) (learned)
→ Telugu: రుధిరము (rudhiramu) (learned)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “रुधिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0884.