चीन
Hindi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), possibly from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editचीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)
Declension
editDeclension of चीन (sg-only masc cons-stem)
singular | |
---|---|
direct | चीन cīn |
oblique | चीन cīn |
vocative | चीन cīn |
Descendants
editMarathi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editचीन • (cīn) n
Derived terms
edit- चीनी (cīnī, “Chinese language”)
See also
edit- (countries of Asia) आशियातील देश (āśiyātīl deś); अझरबैजान (aj̈harbaijān), अफगाणिस्तान (aphgāṇistān), आर्मेनिया (ārmeniyā), इजिप्त (ijipta), इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā), इराक (irāk), इराण (irāṇ), इस्रायल (isrāyal), उझबेकिस्तान (uj̈hbekistān), उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā), ओमान (omān), कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā), कझाकस्तान (kaj̈hākastān), कतार (katār), किर्गिझस्तान (kirgij̈hstān), कुवेत (kuvet), चीन (cīn), जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan), जपान (japān), ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān), तुर्की (turkī), तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān), थायलंड (thāylaṇḍa), दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā), नेपाळ (nepāḷ), पाकिस्तान (pākistān), पूर्व तिमोर (pūrva timor), फिलीपाईन्स (philīpāīnsa), बहरैन (bahrain), बांगलादेश (bāṅglādeś), ब्रुनेई (bruneī), भारत (bhārat), भूतान (bhūtān), मलेशिया (maleśiyā), मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā), मालदीव (māldīv), म्यानमार (myānmār), येमेन (yemen), रशिया (raśiyā), लाओस (lāos), लेबनॉन (lebnŏn), व्हियेतनाम (vhiyetnām), श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā), संयुक्त अरब अमिराती (saiyukta arab amirātī), सायप्रस (sāyapras), सिंगापूर (siṅgāpūr), सीरिया (sīriyā), सौदी अरेबिया (saudī arebiyā)
References
edit- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Nepali
editPronunciation
editProper noun
editचीन • (cīna)
Declension
editDeclension of चीन | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | |||
nominative | चीन [t͡sin] | ||
accusative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
instrumental/ergative | चीनले [t͡sinle] | ||
dative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
ablative | चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ] | ||
genitive | चीनको [t͡sinko] | ||
locative | चीनमा [t͡sinmä] | ||
Notes: |
Newar
editEtymology
editUltimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editSanskrit
editAlternative forms
edit- चीण (cīṇa)
Alternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- চীন (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
- চীন (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- စီန (Burmese script)
- ચીન (Gujarati script)
- ਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಚೀನ (Kannada script)
- ចីន (Khmer script)
- ຈີນ (Lao script)
- ചീന (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଚୀନ (Odia script)
- ꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
- චීන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
- சீந (Tamil script)
- చీన (Telugu script)
- จีน (Thai script)
- ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editUncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.[1][2][3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉/晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;[4] 荊/荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕiː.n̪ɐ/
Proper noun
editचीन • (cīna) m
- the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ. - the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā. - Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
- 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of चीन (cīna) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चीनः cīnaḥ |
चीनौ / चीना¹ cīnau / cīnā¹ |
चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | चीन cīna |
चीनौ / चीना¹ cīnau / cīnā¹ |
चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीनौ / चीना¹ cīnau / cīnā¹ |
चीनान् cīnān |
Instrumental | चीनेन cīnena |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | चीनाय cīnāya |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Ablative | चीनात् cīnāt |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Genitive | चीनस्य cīnasya |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनानाम् cīnānām |
Locative | चीने cīne |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनेषु cīneṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
edit- Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
- → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
- → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
- → Malay: Cina
- Indonesian: Cina
- → Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
- → Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
- → Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)
Noun
editचीन • (cīna) stem, n
- a bandage for the corners of the eyes
Declension
editNeuter a-stem declension of चीन (cīna) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
Vocative | चीन cīna |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
Accusative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
Instrumental | चीनेन cīnena |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | चीनाय cīnāya |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Ablative | चीनात् cīnāt |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
Genitive | चीनस्य cīnasya |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनानाम् cīnānām |
Locative | चीने cīne |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनेषु cīneṣu |
Notes |
|
References
edit- ^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
- ^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither[2], →ISBN, pages 2–3
- ^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006) “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[3], number 188
- Monier Williams (1899) “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0399.
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Old Chinese
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi proper nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- hi:China
- hi:Countries in Asia
- hi:Countries
- Hindi uncountable nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi proper nouns
- Marathi neuter nouns
- mr:China
- mr:Countries in Asia
- mr:Countries
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali proper nouns
- Newar terms derived from Sanskrit
- Newar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Newar lemmas
- Newar proper nouns
- Newar proper nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms derived from Old Chinese
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit terms borrowed from Old Chinese
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit proper nouns
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- sa:Demonyms