關鍵

See also: 关键 and 関鍵

Chinese

		to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass	(door lock) key
trad. (關鍵)		關	鍵
simp. (关键)		关	键
alternative forms		關楗／关楗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guānjiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹ gin⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koan-kiān / koan-kiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): guang¹ giang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guānjiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guanjiàn
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹-chien⁴
  - Yale: gwān-jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanjiann
  - Palladius: гуаньцзянь (guanʹczjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaan¹ gin⁶
  - Yale: gwāan gihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹ gin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: guan¹ gin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵ kiːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-kiān
  - Tâi-lô: kuan-kiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koankien
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuan⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan³³ kiɛn⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-kiàn
  - Tâi-lô: kuan-kiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koankiexn
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guang¹ giang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuang kiăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwaen gjonX

Rime
Character	關	鍵
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古還切	其偃切
Baxter	kwaen	gjonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan/	/ɡɨɐn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan/	/ɡiɐn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn/	/ɡiɐn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn/	/gɨan^X/
Li Rong	/kuan/	/ɡiɐn^X/
Wang Li	/kwan/	/ɡĭɐn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwan/	/gɨ̯ɐn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan¹	gin⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kroːn ɡanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	關
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁro[n]/
English	barrier
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	關	鍵
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	8640	6222
Phonetic component	卵	建
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	關	寋
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/	/*ɡanʔ/

Noun

關鍵

(literal, Classical) latch (fastening for a door); door bolt
(figurative) crux; key element; crucial point

Synonyms

(latch):

插關／插关 (chāguān) (regional)
門栓／门栓 (ménshuān)
門狗／门狗 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
門釦／门扣 (ménkòu)
門閂／门闩 (ménshuān)

(crux):

支點／支点 (zhīdiǎn) (figurative)
牛鼻子 (niúbízi) (figurative)
癥結／症结 (zhēngjié) (figurative)
肯綮 (figurative)
要害 (yàohài)
關鍵之處／关键之处 (guānjiàn zhī chù)

Adjective

關鍵

(figurative) crux; key; crucial; pivotal
一個關鍵細節／一个关键细节 ― yīge guānjiàn xìjié ― a crucial detail

關鍵成果／关键成果 ― guānjiàn chéngguǒ ― key results

Synonyms

主要 (zhǔyào) (most important)
吃勁／吃劲 (chījìn) (colloquial)
吃緊／吃紧 (chījǐn)
基本 (jīběn)
根本 (gēnběn)
當家／当家 (dāngjiā) (attributive, most important)
要緊／要紧 (yàojǐn)
重大
重要 (zhòngyào)

Derived terms

關鍵字／关键字 (guānjiànzì)
關鍵幀／关键帧 (guānjiànzhēn)
關鍵性／关键性 (guānjiànxìng)
關鍵期／关键期
關鍵績效指標／关键绩效指标 (guānjiàn jìxiào zhǐbiāo)
關鍵詞／关键词 (guānjiàncí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (關鍵):

→ Korean: 관건(關鍵) (gwan'geon)

Korean

Hanja in this term
關	鍵

Noun

關鍵 • (gwan'geon) (hangeul 관건)

hanja form^? of 관건 (“crux; key; core”)

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