軟化

See also: 软化

Chinese

		soft; flexible	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (軟化)		軟	化
simp. (软化)		软	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ruǎnhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁵ faa³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiôn-fa
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): loán-hòa / nńg-hòa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ruǎnhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ruǎnhuà
  - Wade–Giles: juan³-hua⁴
  - Yale: rwǎn-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roanhuah
  - Palladius: жуаньхуа (žuanʹxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁵ faa³
  - Yale: yúhn fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁵ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁵ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn¹³ faː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiôn-fa
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngion^ˊ fa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngion¹ fa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯on²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loán-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: luán-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loafnhoax
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /luan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /luan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nńg-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: nńg-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nngfhoax
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /nŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hua²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /nŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hua¹¹/

Verb

軟化

to soften; to weaken
to persuade using soft tactics

Synonyms

(to soften): (Hokkien) 落軟／落软

Antonyms

硬化 (yìnghuà)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
軟	化
なん Grade: S	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

From 軟 (nan, “soft”) + 化 (ka, “become”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なんか [nàńká] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋka̠]

Noun

軟(なん)化(か) • (nanka)

Derived terms

骨軟化症 (kotsunankashō): osteomalacia
脳軟化症 (nōnankashō): softening of the brain

Verb

軟(なん)化(か)する • (nanka suru) intransitive suru (stem 軟(なん)化(か)し (nanka shi), past 軟(なん)化(か)した (nanka shita))

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
軟	化

Noun

軟化 • (yeonhwa) (hangeul 연화)

hanja form^? of 연화

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