腋

腋	U+814B, 腋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814B

Translingual

Han character

腋 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月卜人大 (BYOK), four-corner 7024₇, composition ⿰月夜)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 986, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29615
Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2090, character 5
Unihan data for U+814B

Chinese

trad.		腋
simp. ^#		腋
alternative forms		亦 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
夜	*laːɡs
鵺	*laːɡs
迹	*ʔsleːɡ
跡	*ʔsleːɡ
亦	*laːɡ
弈	*laːɡ
奕	*laːɡ
帟	*laːɡ
腋	*laːɡ
掖	*laːɡ
焲	*laːɡ
液	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs).

Originally written 亦, see there for more.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”), either via *jak (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or *lak (Shi, 2000; Handel, 2009). Compare Mizo zak (“armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “arm; hand”), Burmese လက် (lak, “arm; hand”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yè, yì

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ, ㄧˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ye⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jik⁶ / jat⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yit⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): yid⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): e̍k / ia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): êg⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸yiq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yè
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yè
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
  - Yale: yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
  - Palladius: е (je)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ye⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ie
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jik⁶ / jat⁶
  - Yale: yihk / yaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹ / jat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶ / yed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/, /jɐt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yit⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jit̚³²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)id
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /it̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸yiq
  - MiniDict: yih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɪʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: i⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²⁴/

Middle Chinese: yek

Rime
Character	腋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Baxter	yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)Ak/

(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	腋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ yek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)Ak/
English	armpit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腋
Reading #	1/1
No.	15000
Phonetic component	亦
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions

腋

armpit; underarm; axilla
(botany) axil
^† Alternative form of 掖 (“to help; to assist”)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 胳肢窩 (“armpit; underarm”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		腋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		腋窩, 腋下
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	胳肢窩
	Taiwan	胳肢窩, 腋下
	Ulanhot	胳肢窩
	Tongliao	胳肢窩
	Chifeng	胳肢窩
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	胳肢窩
	Harbin	膈肢窩, 胳肢窩, 胳臼窩
	Shenyang	胳肢窩, 胳肢窩兒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	胳肢窩, 胳肢脖 Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	夾肘窩
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	夾肘窩
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	圪老知兒, 圪知窩
	Wanrong	胳肘窩
	Zhengzhou	膈老肢兒
	Xi'an	胳肢窩
	Xining	胳皂窪
	Xuzhou	膈肢兒, 膈肢窩兒, 膈肢窩
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	胳勒窩, 胳勒叉
	Bayanhot	胳旯窩
	Lanzhou	胳肘窪
	Ürümqi	胳澇窪
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	夾肢窩兒, 夾窩兒
	Wuhan	脅下窩
	Guiyang	夾肢窩
	Guilin	膈肢窩
	Liuzhou	膈肢窩
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	膈夾窩
	Yangzhou	夾乍窩
	Nantong	胳肢窩
	Hefei	胳撓肢
Cantonese	Guangzhou	胳肋底
	Hong Kong	胳肋底, 加拿大 humorous
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	胳肋底
	Foshan	胳肋底
	Foshan (Shunde)	胳肋底
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	胳肋底
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	胳肋底
	Taishan	胳肋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	胳肋
	Dongguan	肋赤下
	Shaoguan	胳肋底
	Yunfu	胳肋
	Yangjiang	胳肋
	Lianjiang	胳肋底
	Nanning	胳肋底, 胳肋
	Wuzhou	胳肋底, 胳肋
	Yulin	肋仄
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	胳肋肢窩
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	胳肋底
Gan	Nanchang	脅夾裡, 胛下裡, 胛下
	Lichuan	胳摘窩
	Pingxiang	脅牯
Hakka	Meixian	脅下, 手脅, 脅
	Xingning	脅下
	Huidong (Daling)	肋赤下
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	手夾下
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	脅下
	Changting	手脅下
	Wuping	手脅子下
	Wuping (Pingyu)	手脅下
	Ninghua	脅赤腳下
	Yudu	手脅下
	Ruijin	手脅下
	Shicheng	脅下
	Shangyou (Shexi)	手脅下
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	手脅下, 脅下
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	手脅下, 脅下
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	手脅下, 脅下
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	脅下
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	手脅下, 脅下
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	手脅下, 脅下
	Hong Kong	肋赤下
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	手夾
	Sabah (Longchuan)	肋赤下
	Senai (Huiyang)	肋赤下
	Singkawang	脅下
Huizhou	Jixi	膈辣下
Jin	Taiyuan	膈離間, 膈夾窩
	Xinzhou	胳正窩兒
	Taibus (Baochang)	胳肢窩
	Linhe	圪嶗子窩
	Jining	膈老肢窩
	Hohhot	胳肢窩
	Baotou	胳老肢窩
	Dongsheng	膈肢窩
	Haibowan	胳肘窩
Northern Min	Jian'ou	胳肢下
	Songxi	胳鹿下
	Zhenghe	胳鹿下
	Jianyang	胳肢下
	Wuyishan	胳肢下
	Pucheng (Shibei)	胳鹿下
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	胳腋下
	Fuzhou (Changle)	胳腋下
	Fuqing	胳腋下
	Yongtai	胳腋下
	Gutian	胳腋下
	Fu'an	胳腋下
	Shouning	胳腋下
	Zhouning	胳腋下
	Fuding	胳腋下
Southern Min	Xiamen	胳下空, 胳耳空
	Quanzhou	胳下空, 胳下胴
	Jinjiang	胳下胴, 胳胴跤
	Zhangzhou	胳下空, 都知
	Taipei	胳下空, 胳胴跤
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	胳胴跤
	Kaohsiung	胳耳空
	Yilan	胳胴跤
	Changhua (Lukang)	胳下空
	Taichung	胳胴跤
	Taichung (Wuqi)	胳下胴
	Tainan	胳下空, 胳耳空
	Taitung	胳耳空
	Hsinchu	胳下胴
	Kinmen	胳下空
	Penghu (Magong)	胳下空
	Penang (Hokkien)	ketiak
	Manila (Hokkien)	胳下胴
	Chaozhou	胳囊下
	Shantou	胳囊下
	Haifeng	胳當下
	Leizhou	膈胳
	Wenchang	胛胳
	Haikou	胛胳
Puxian Min	Putian	膈攬下
Puxian Min	Xianyou	膈肋下
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	胳囊下
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	胳肋底
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	膈肢窩
Wu	Shanghai	胳肋竹, 胳肢窩
	Shanghai (Chongming)	胳落
	Suzhou	膈臘子
	Danyang	夾肢窩, 夾肢下
	Hangzhou	肋膈肢底下
	Ningbo	肋膈肢下
	Wenzhou	脟扎下
	Jinhua	膈肋下
Xiang	Changsha	脅肋窩, 脅夾窩, 胳肢窩
	Xiangtan	脅納窩裡
	Loudi	脅旯旮
	Shuangfeng	脅角納, 脅角納裡
	Hengyang	狹港

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

腋

(Hyōgai kanji)

armpit, underarm, axilla

Readings

On (unclassified): えき (eki)、せき (seki)
Kun: わき (waki, 腋)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腋 (MC yek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ〮 (óyk) (Yale: óyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɛk̚] ~ [e̞k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [액/엑]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

腋

Wikisource

腋 (eumhun 겨드랑이 액 (gyeodeurang'i aek))

hanja form^? of 액 (“armpit”)

Compounds

액모 (腋毛, aengmo)
액와 (腋窩, aegwa)
액취 (腋臭, aekchwi)
액취증 (腋臭症, aekchwijeung)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

腋: Hán Nôm readings: dạ; dịch; nách; nịch

Nôm form of nách (“armpit”).