統率

See also: 统率

Chinese

		to gather; to unite; to unify to gather; to unite; to unify; whole	to lead; command; rate to lead; command; rate; frequency
trad. (統率)		統	率
simp. (统率)		统	率

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tǒngshuài

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung² seot¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǒngshuài
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǒngshuài
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung³-shuai⁴
  - Yale: tǔng-shwài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toongshuay
  - Palladius: туншуай (tunšuaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    統帥／统帅
    統率／统率
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung² seot¹
  - Yale: túng sēut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung² soet⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung² sêd¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵ sɵt̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: thowngH srwijH|srwit

Rime
Character	統	率	率
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)	脂 (18)	術 (52)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III	III
Fanqie	他綜切	所類切	所律切
Baxter	thowngH	srwijH	srwit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuoŋ^H/	/ʃˠiuɪ^H/	/ʃiuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoŋ^H/	/ʃʷᵚi^H/	/ʃʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰoŋ^H/	/ʃiuɪ^H/	/ʃjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰawŋ^H/	/ʂjwi^H/	/ʂwit̚/
Li Rong	/tʰoŋ^H/	/ʃjui^H/	/ʃiuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/tʰuoŋ^H/	/ʃwi^H/	/ʃĭuĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuoŋ^H/	/ʂwi^H/	/ʂi̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tòng	shuài	shuai
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung³	seoi³	seot¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːŋs sruds|srud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	率	率	率
Reading #	1/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lèi	shuài	shuài
Middle Chinese	‹ lwij^H ›	‹ srwij^H ›	‹ srwit ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ut-s/	/*s-rut-s/	/*s-rut/
English	bird net	lead (v.); commander	follow, go along
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	統	率	率
Reading #	1/1	1/3	3/3
No.	1490	8604	8608
Phonetic component	充	率	率
Rime group	終	隊	物
Rime subdivision	0	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	統	帥	率
Old Chinese	/*tʰuːŋs/	/*sruds/	/*srud/
Notes			原列質韻

Verb

統率

to command; to lead
統率軍隊／统率军队 ― tǒngshuài jūnduì ― to command troops

Synonyms

主導／主导 (zhǔdǎo)
嚮導／向导 (xiàngdǎo)
帶等／带等 (Taiwanese Hakka)
帶緊／带紧 (Zhao'an Hakka)
帶領／带领 (dàilǐng)
引入 (yǐnrù)
引向 (yǐnxiàng)
引導／引导 (yǐndǎo)
引𤆬 (Hokkien)
引領／引领 (yǐnlǐng)
指導／指导 (zhǐdǎo)
指引 (zhǐyǐn)
指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
指揮／指挥 (zhǐhuī)
指示 (zhǐshì)
指點／指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
率領／率领 (shuàilǐng)
疏導／疏导 (shūdǎo) (through persuasion)
統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統領／统领 (tǒnglǐng)
董督 (dǒngdū) (literary)
誘／诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
誘導／诱导 (yòudǎo)
領導／领导 (lǐngdǎo)
點厾／点厾 (Hokkien)
點撥／点拨 (diǎnbō) (informal)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (統率):

→ Japanese: 統(とう)率(そつ) (tōsotsu)
→ Korean: 통솔(統率) (tongsol)

See also

(not to be confused with) 統帥／统帅 (tǒngshuài)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
統	率
とう Grade: 5	そつ Grade: 5
on'yomi	kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーそつ [tòósótsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːso̞t͡sɨ]

Noun

統(とう)率(そつ) • (tōsotsu) ^{←とうそつ (tousotu)^?}

command; lead
Synonym: 統御 (tōgyo)

Verb

統(とう)率(そつ)する • (tōsotsu suru) ^{←とうそつ (tousotu)^?}transitive suru (stem 統(とう)率(そつ)し (tōsotsu shi), past 統(とう)率(そつ)した (tōsotsu shita))

to command; to lead
Synonym: 統御する (tōgyo suru)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "統率する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	統率し	とうそつし	tōsotsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	統率し	とうそつし	tōsotsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	統率する	とうそつする	tōsotsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	統率する	とうそつする	tōsotsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	統率すれ	とうそつすれ	tōsotsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	統率せよ¹ 統率しろ²	とうそつせよ¹ とうそつしろ²	tōsotsu seyo¹ tōsotsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	統率される	とうそつされる	tōsotsu sareru
Causative	統率させる統率さす	とうそつさせるとうそつさす	tōsotsu saseru tōsotsu sasu
Potential	統率できる	とうそつできる	tōsotsu dekiru
Volitional	統率しよう	とうそつしよう	tōsotsu shiyō
Negative	統率しない	とうそつしない	tōsotsu shinai
Negative continuative	統率せず	とうそつせず	tōsotsu sezu
Formal	統率します	とうそつします	tōsotsu shimasu
Perfective	統率した	とうそつした	tōsotsu shita
Conjunctive	統率して	とうそつして	tōsotsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	統率すれば	とうそつすれば	tōsotsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
統	率

Noun

統率 • (tongsol) (hangeul 통솔)

hanja form^? of 통솔

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