稗

Translingual

Han character

稗 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹木竹田十 (HDHWJ), four-corner 2694₀, composition ⿰禾卑)

darnels, weeds, tares small(clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived characters

薭, 𮆛

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 855, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25113
Dae Jaweon: page 1280, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2613, character 11
Unihan data for U+7A17

Chinese

simp. and trad.		稗
alternative forms		粺

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
捭	*preːʔ
牌	breː, breː
郫	breː, bre, *be
蠯	breː, be, *breːŋʔ
猈	breːʔ, breː
稗	*breːs
粺	*breːs
𥱼	*breː
豍	*peː
箄	peː, pe, *peʔ
錍	pʰeː, pe
睥	*pʰeːs
渒	pʰeːs, pe
鼙	*beː
鞞	beː, pe, peʔ, peːŋʔ
椑	beː, pe, beɡ, beːɡ
崥	beː, peʔ
髀	beːʔ, peʔ, *piʔ
卑	*pe
鵯	pe, pʰiɡ
裨	pe, be
痺	*pe
碑	*pre
婢	peʔ, beʔ
諀	*pʰeʔ
脾	*be
埤	*be
陴	*be
蜱	be, mbew
焷	*be
螷	be, breːŋʔ
庳	*beʔ
琕	*biːŋ
萆	beɡ, slɯʔ
綼	biɡ, peːɡ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ras (“rice, fruit, to bear fruit, round object”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bài (bai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bai⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bai⁶ / bai^6-2 / baai⁶ / pei⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pai⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): pa⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phai

(Meixian, Guangdong): kuai⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): bai³
Northern Min (KCR): pāi
Eastern Min (BUC): pá̤ / bâi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phōe / phē / phǒe / pāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): poin⁷ / poi⁷ / bi²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ba
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ba⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bài
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bài
  - Wade–Giles: pai⁴
  - Yale: bài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bay
  - Palladius: бай (baj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bai⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bai⁶ / bai^6-2 / baai⁶ / pei⁴
  - Yale: baih / bái / baaih / pèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bai⁶ / bai^6-2 / baai⁶ / pei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bei⁶ / bei^6-2 / bai⁶ / péi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi̯²²/, /pɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/, /paːi̯²²/, /pʰei̯²¹/

Note: pei4 - rare variant, e.g. 稗官.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰai²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pa⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰa¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phai
  - Hakka Romanization System: pai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kuai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰuaɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pai⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰai⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pá̤ / bâi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑ²¹³/, /pɑi²⁴²/

Note:

pá̤ - vernacular;
bâi - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phōe
  - Tâi-lô: phuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoe
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /pʰue²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phē
  - Tâi-lô: phē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰe²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /pʰe³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phǒe
  - Tâi-lô: phuě
  - IPA (Lukang): /pʰue³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pāi
  - Tâi-lô: pāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pai⁴¹/

Note:

phōe/phē/phǒe - vernacular;
pāi - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: poin⁷ / poi⁷ / bi²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phōiⁿ / phōi / pí
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰõĩ¹¹/, /pʰoi¹¹/, /pi⁵²/

Note:

poin7 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Shantou);
poi7 - vernacular (Jieyang, Puning, Huilai);
bi2 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ba
  - MiniDict: ba^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ba
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ba²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ba⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa̠²¹/

Middle Chinese: beaH

Rime
Character	稗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	傍卦切
Baxter	beaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠɛ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚæ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/bæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨj^H/
Li Rong	/bɛ^H/
Wang Li	/bai^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱai^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[b]ˤre-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*breːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bài
Middle Chinese	‹ bɛ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[b]ˁre-s/
English	weed resembling grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稗
Reading #	1/1
No.	353
Phonetic component	卑
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	粺
Old Chinese	/*breːs/

Definitions

稗

barnyard grass; barnyard millet
(literary) insignificant; unofficial (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 稗子 (“barnyard grass”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		稗子, 稗, 稗草
Taxonomic name		稗
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	稗子
	Taiwan	稗子, 稗草
	Langfang	稗子
	Harbin	稗子
Jilu Mandarin	Tangshan	稗子
	Baoding	稗子
	Shijiazhuang	稗子
	Jinan	稗子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	稗子
	Daming	稗草
	Xi'an	稗子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	稗子
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	稗子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	稗子
	Wuhan	稗子
	Guiyang	毛稗
	Guilin	稗子
	Liuzhou	稗子
	Nanning (Wuming)	稗
Cantonese	Guangzhou	稗, 稗仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	稗
	Macau	稗子
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	稗草
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	稗仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	稗
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	稗
	Foshan	稗
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	稗
	Foshan (Sanshui)	稗
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	稗
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	稗子
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	稗子
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	稗
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	稗
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	稗
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	稗
	Taishan	稗
	Kaiping (Chikan)	稗
	Enping (Niujiang)	稗
	Heshan (Yayao)	稗
	Dongguan	稗
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	稗
	Qingyuan	稗草
	Fogang	稗仔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	稗仔
	Yangshan	稗
	Lianshan (Butian)	稗
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	稗子
	Shaoguan	稗仔, 草子
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	稗子
	Renhua	稗草
	Lechang	稗子
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	稗
	Sihui	稗仔
	Guangning	稗仔
	Deqing	稗子
	Huaiji	野禾
	Yunfu	稗仔
	Luoding	稗仔
	Yunan (Pingtai)	稗
	Xinyi	稗
	Nanning	稗
	Wuzhou	稗
	Yulin	稗子
	Rongxian	鶴草
Gan	Nanchang	稗子
	Pengze	稗子
	Lichuan	稗子, 稗草
	Pingxiang	稗子
Hakka	Meixian	快仔
	Xingning	稗哩
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	稗
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	稗
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	稗
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	稗子
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	稗哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	稗哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	稗哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	稗哩
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	稗草
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	稗
	Jiexi	稗
	Luhe	稗仔
	Changting	稗草
	Longyan (Yongding)	稗草
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	稗草
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	稗草
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	稗
	Liancheng (Peitian)	稗生
	Liancheng (Juxi)	稗
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	稗
	Yudu	稗草
	Ruijin	稗草
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	稗仔
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	稗仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	稗仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	稗仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	稗仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	稗
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	稗仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	稗
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	稗子
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	快子
	Sabah (Longchuan)	稗, 蘇渺草
	Bangkok (Meixian)	快仔
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	稗草
Huizhou	Jixi	稗
Huizhou	Fuliang	稗草
Jin	Taiyuan	稗子
	Xinzhou	稗子
	Zhangjiakou	稗子
	Handan	稗子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	稗
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	稗, 稗草
Eastern Min	Fuqing	稗
Southern Min	Xiamen	稗仔, 稗
	Quanzhou	稗
	Zhangzhou	稗仔, 稗
	Zhao'an	稗
	Taipei	稗仔
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	稗仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	稗仔
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	粙仔稗
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	稗仔
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	稗仔
	Yilan	稗仔
	Yilan (Luodong)	稗仔
	Yilan (Toucheng)	稗仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	稗仔
	Taichung	稗仔草
	Tainan	大窟草, 稗仔
	Hsinchu	稗仔
	Kinmen	稗
	Penghu (Magong)	稗
	Longyan	稗
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	稗
	Shantou	稗
Central Min	Yong'an	稗
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	稗
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	稗
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	稗子, 草子
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	稗子
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	稗
Wu	Shanghai	稗草
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	稗草子, 稗子
	Shanghai (Jiading)	稗子
	Suzhou	稗草子
	Danyang	稗草
	Hangzhou	稗草
	Ningbo	稗草
	Jinhua	稗
Xiang	Changsha	稗子
	Loudi	稗子
	Quanzhou	稗子
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	稗崽

Compounds

水稗
秕稗
稊稗
稗仔
稗史
稗子 (bàizi)
稗官 (bàiguān)
稗官小說／稗官小说 (bàiguānxiǎoshuō)
稗官野史 (bàiguānyěshǐ)
稗沙門／稗沙门
稗海
稗米
稗草
稗販／稗贩

References

“稗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

稗

(Hyōgai kanji)

barnyardgrass, Japanese barnyard millet
small, minor
sundry

Readings

Go-on: べ (be)
Kan-on: はい (hai)
Kun: ひえ (hie)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
稗
ひえ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
穇

ヒエ on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひえ [híꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
(Tokyo) ひえ [hìéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [çie̞]

Noun

稗(ひえ) or 稗(ヒエ) • (hie)

Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Derived terms

Idioms

豆(まめ)を植(う)えて稗(ひえ)を得(え)る (mame o uete hie o eru, “to do something expecting good results, instead getting bad results”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

稗 (eum 패 (pae))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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