石窟

Chinese

		rock; stone; 10 pecks	cave; hole
trad. (石窟)		石	窟
simp. ^#(石窟)		石	窟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shíkū

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄎㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sek⁶ fat¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo² koh⁶ / sieo² kuoh⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h-khut

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shíkū
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄎㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíhku
  - Wade–Giles: shih²-kʻu¹
  - Yale: shŕ-kū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrku
  - Palladius: шику (šiku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sek⁶ fat¹
  - Yale: sehk fāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sek⁹ fat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ség⁶ fed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛːk̚² fɐt̚⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo² koh⁶ [Phonetic: sieo⁴ koh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieu¹³⁻⁴² kʰɔʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo² kuoh⁶ [Phonetic: sieo⁴ kuoh⁶]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieu¹³⁻⁴² kʰuoʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-khut
  - Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-khut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqqud
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kʰut̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰut̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰut̚³²/

Middle Chinese: dzyek khwot

Rime
Character	石	窟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	常隻切	苦骨切
Baxter	dzyek	khwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/	/kʰuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajk̚/	/kʰwət̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/	/kʰuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	ku
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik⁶	fat¹

Noun

石窟

rock cave; grotto
(Jinjiang Hokkien) quarry

Synonyms

(grotto):

山洞 (shāndòng)
山空 (Hokkien)
山窿 (saan¹ lung¹) (Cantonese, Hakka)
岩穴 (yánxué) (literary)
洞穴 (dòngxué)
洞空 (Hokkien)
洞窟 (dòngkū)
磅空 ( Taiwanese Hakka)
穴 (xué)

(quarry): 採石場／采石场 (cǎishíchǎng)

Derived terms

石窟寺 (shíkūsì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (石窟):

→ Japanese: 石窟(せっくつ) (sekkutsu)
→ Korean: 석굴(石窟) (seokgul)

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “石窟”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 488.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
石	窟
せき > せっ Grade: 1	くつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せっくつ [sèkkútsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞k̚kɯ̟̊t͡sɨ]

Noun

石窟(せっくつ) • (sekkutsu)

rock cave
Synonyms: 岩屋, 岩穴

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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