無知

See also: 无知

Chinese

		not have	to know; to be aware
trad. (無知)		無	知
simp. (无知)		无	知

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wúzhī

(Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄓ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ zi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vù-tî
Eastern Min (BUC): ù-dĭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bû-ti / bô-ti

(Teochew, Peng'im): bho⁵ di¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wúzhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wújhih
  - Wade–Giles: wu²-chih¹
  - Yale: wú-jr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wujy
  - Palladius: учжи (učži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ zi¹
  - Yale: mòuh jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vù-tî
  - Hakka Romanization System: vu^ˇ di^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vu² di¹
  - Sinological IPA: /vu¹¹ ti²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ù-dĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)li⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-ti
  - Tâi-lô: bû-ti
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu'dy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² ti³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-ti
  - Tâi-lô: bô-ti
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boi'dy
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bo²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bho⁵ di¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô ti
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti³³/

Middle Chinese: mju trje

Rime
Character	無	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	武夫切	陟移切
Baxter	mju	trje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/	/ʈiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/	/ʈiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/	/ȶjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/	/ʈiə̆/
Li Rong	/mio/	/ȶie/
Wang Li	/mĭu/	/ȶǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯u/	/ȶie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ma|mo tre/

(Zhengzhang): /*ma ʔl'e/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	無	無	知
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	wú	wú	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›	‹ trje ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ma/	/*mo/	/*tre/
English	not have	volitional prefix	don’t	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13117	11495
Phonetic component	無	矢
Rime group	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	無
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ʔl'e/
Notes		沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

Verb

無知

to be ignorant
請原諒我的無知。 [MSC, trad.]
请原谅我的无知。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng yuánliàng wǒ de wúzhī. [Pinyin]
Please excuse my ignorance.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無知):

→ Japanese: 無知(むち) (muchi)
→ Korean: 무지(無知) (muji)
→ Vietnamese: vô tri (無知)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
無	知
む Grade: 4	ち Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
無智

Etymology

知 is a daiyōji replacing 智

Adjective

無(む)知(ち) • (muchi) -na (adnominal 無(む)知(ち)な (muchi na), adverbial 無(む)知(ち)に (muchi ni))

ignorant

Inflection

Inflection of 無知

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	無知だろ	むちだろ	muchi daro
Continuative (連用形)	無知で	むちで	muchi de
Terminal (終止形)	無知だ	むちだ	muchi da
Attributive (連体形)	無知な	むちな	muchi na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	無知なら	むちなら	muchi nara
Imperative (命令形)	無知であれ	むちであれ	muchi de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	無知ではない無知じゃない	むちではないむちじゃない	muchi de wa nai muchi ja nai
Informal past	無知だった	むちだった	muchi datta
Informal negative past	無知ではなかった無知じゃなかった	むちではなかったむちじゃなかった	muchi de wa nakatta muchi ja nakatta
Formal	無知です	むちです	muchi desu
Formal negative	無知ではありません無知じゃありません	むちではありませんむちじゃありません	muchi de wa arimasen muchi ja arimasen
Formal past	無知でした	むちでした	muchi deshita
Formal negative past	無知ではありませんでした無知じゃありませんでした	むちではありませんでしたむちじゃありませんでした	muchi de wa arimasen deshita muchi ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	無知で	むちで	muchi de
Conditional	無知なら（ば）	むちなら（ば）	muchi nara (ba)
Provisional	無知だったら	むちだったら	muchi dattara
Volitional	無知だろう	むちだろう	muchi darō
Adverbial	無知に	むちに	muchi ni
Degree	無知さ	むちさ	muchisa

Noun

無(む)知(ち) • (muchi)

ignorance

Synonyms

不知(ふち) (fuchi)

References

s:ja:同音の漢字による書きかえ
2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.