消耗

Chinese

	consume; news; subside consume; news; subside; to disappear; to vanish	to waste; to spend; to consume to waste; to spend; to consume; to squander; mouse; new
trad. (消耗)	消	耗
simp. ^#(消耗)	消	耗
alternative forms	銷耗／销耗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiāohào

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠㄏㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): siu¹ hou³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sêu-hô / sêu-mô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siau-hàu / siau-hòⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): siao¹ ho³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shiau-hau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiāohào
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠㄏㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siaohào
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao¹-hao⁴
  - Yale: syāu-hàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiauhaw
  - Palladius: сяохао (sjaoxao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: siu¹ hou³
  - Yale: sīu hou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: siu¹ hou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xiu¹ hou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯⁵⁵ hou̯³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu-hô
  - Hakka Romanization System: seu^ˊ ho^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seu¹ ho¹
  - Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu-mô
  - Hakka Romanization System: seu^ˊ mo^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seu¹ mo¹
  - Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ mo²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-hàu
  - Tâi-lô: siau-hàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siau'haux
  - IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hau¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³ hau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hau²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² hau²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau-hòⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siau-hònn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siau'hvox
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ̃²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ̃²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ̃¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siao¹ ho³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siau hò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siau³³⁻²³ ho²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹shiau-hau
  - MiniDict: shiau^平 hau
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xiau-hau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɔ⁵⁵ hɔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: sjew xawH

Rime
Character	消	耗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	相邀切	呼到切
Baxter	sjew	xawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇu/	/hɑu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛu/	/hɑu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæu/	/xɑu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siaw/	/haw^H/
Li Rong	/siɛu/	/xɑu^H/
Wang Li	/sĭɛu/	/xɑu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ɛu/	/xɑu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāo	hào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu¹	hou³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sew hmaːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	消
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ sjew ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ew/
English	dissolve; disappear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	消	耗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13739	8794
Phonetic component	肖	毛
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	宵	秏
Old Chinese	/*sew/	/*hmaːws/
Notes		秏注俗體

Verb

消耗

(transitive, intransitive) to consume; to deplete; to drain; to exhaust; to expend; to use up; to burn (calories); to wear out
消耗體力／消耗体力 ― xiāohào tǐlì ― to exhaust one's physical strength

消耗卡路里 ― xiāohào kǎlùlǐ ― to burn calories

Synonyms

耗損／耗损 (hàosǔn)

Derived terms

消耗品 (xiāohàopǐn)
消耗戰／消耗战 (xiāohàozhàn)

Related terms

損耗／损耗 (sǔnhào)
損失／损失 (sǔnshī)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (消耗):

→ Japanese: 消(しょう)耗(もう) (shōmō)
→ Korean: 소모(消耗) (somo)
→ Vietnamese: tiêu hao (消耗)

Noun

消耗

(archaic) news; message (information conveyed)

Synonyms

edit

信兒／信儿 (xìnr) (colloquial)
信息 (xìnxī) (chiefly Mainland China)
口信 (kǒuxìn) (oral message)
訊息／讯息 (xùnxī) (chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong)
音信 (yīnxìn)
音訊／音讯 (yīnxùn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
消	耗
しょう Grade: 3	もう Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょーもー [shòómóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːmo̞ː]

Noun

消(しょう)耗(もう) • (shōmō)

dissipation, exhaustion
wearing out

Verb

消(しょう)耗(もう)する • (shōmō suru) suru (stem 消(しょう)耗(もう)し (shōmō shi), past 消(しょう)耗(もう)した (shōmō shita))

to consume, to use up, to exhaust (resources)
to wear out

Conjugation

Conjugation of "消耗する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	消耗し	しょうもうし	shōmō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	消耗し	しょうもうし	shōmō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	消耗する	しょうもうする	shōmō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	消耗する	しょうもうする	shōmō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	消耗すれ	しょうもうすれ	shōmō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	消耗せよ¹ 消耗しろ²	しょうもうせよ¹ しょうもうしろ²	shōmō seyo¹ shōmō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	消耗される	しょうもうされる	shōmō sareru
Causative	消耗させる消耗さす	しょうもうさせるしょうもうさす	shōmō saseru shōmō sasu
Potential	消耗できる	しょうもうできる	shōmō dekiru
Volitional	消耗しよう	しょうもうしよう	shōmō shiyō
Negative	消耗しない	しょうもうしない	shōmō shinai
Negative continuative	消耗せず	しょうもうせず	shōmō sezu
Formal	消耗します	しょうもうします	shōmō shimasu
Perfective	消耗した	しょうもうした	shōmō shita
Conjunctive	消耗して	しょうもうして	shōmō shite
Hypothetical conditional	消耗すれば	しょうもうすれば	shōmō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative