檸檬

See also: 柠檬

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (檸檬)	檸	檬
simp. (柠檬)	柠	檬
2nd round simp.	宁𰰡

Etymology

Borrowed from English lemon (Huang, 2020); first attested in Volume I of Part II of A Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts [1819] by Robert Morrison (Huang, 2009).

For Taiwanese Min Nan lê-bóng and Hakka lê-móng, via Japanese 檸檬(レモン) (remon), from English lemon.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): níngméng

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄥˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ning⁴ mung^4-1

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nen³ muung²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lê-móng
Jin (Wiktionary): ning¹ meng¹
Eastern Min (BUC): nìng-mùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lêng-bông / lê-bóng / lêng-mông / lî-móng / lê--mong

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵ mong⁵ / lêng⁵ mou⁵ / lam⁵ mong² / nam⁵ mong²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnin-mon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: níngméng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: níngméng
  - Wade–Giles: ning²-mêng²
  - Yale: níng-méng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningmeng
  - Palladius: нинмэн (ninmɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ning⁴ mung^4-1
  - Yale: nìhng mūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ning⁴ mung^4-1
  - Guangdong Romanization: ning⁴ mung^4-1
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɪŋ²¹ mʊŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nen³ muung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿden²² ᵐbɵŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lê-móng
  - Hakka Romanization System: le^ˊ mong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: le¹ mong³
  - Sinological IPA: /le²⁴ moŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ning¹ meng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /nĩŋ¹¹ mə̃ŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nìng-mùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡiŋ⁵³⁻³³ muŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Singapore, dated in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-bông
  - Tâi-lô: lîng-bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lengboong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê-bóng
  - Tâi-lô: lê-bóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: le'borng
  - IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³⁻³³ bɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-mông
  - Tâi-lô: lîng-mông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lengmoong
  - IPA (Singapore): /leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî-móng
  - Tâi-lô: lî-móng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: limorng
  - IPA (Penang): /li²³⁻²¹ mɔŋ⁴⁴⁵/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê--mong
  - Tâi-lô: lê--mong
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lêng⁵ mong⁵ / lêng⁵ mou⁵ / lam⁵ mong² / nam⁵ mong²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng mông / lêng môu / lâm móng / nâm móng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵/, /leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mou⁵⁵/, /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/, /nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵²/

Note:

lêng5 mong5/lêng5 mou5 - literary;
lam5 mong2/nam5 mong2 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnin-mon
  - MiniDict: nyin^去 mon
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin-mon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² moŋ⁴⁴/

Noun

檸檬

lemon (fruit, tree)

Synonyms

(obsolete) 黎檬子 (líméngzǐ), 黎朦子, 宜母子 (yímǔzǐ), 里木 (lǐmù)

Dialectal synonyms of 檸檬 (“lemon”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		檸檬
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	檸檬
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	лиму
Southwestern Mandarin	Kokang	罵榴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	檸檬
	Hong Kong	檸檬
	Taishan	檸檬
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	檸檬
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	檸檬
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	檸檬
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	檸檬
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	檸檬
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	檸檬
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	檸檬
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	檸檬
Jin	Taiyuan	檸檬
Southern Min	Xiamen	檸檬
	Quanzhou	檸檬
	Zhangzhou	檸檬
	Zhao'an	檸檬
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	檸檬
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	檸檬
	Kaohsiung	檸檬
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	檸檬
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	檸檬
	Yilan (Luodong)	檸檬
	Yilan (Toucheng)	檸檬
	Changhua (Yongjing)	檸檬
	Tainan (Anping)	檸檬
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	檸檬
	Penghu (Xiyu)	檸檬
	Penang (Hokkien)	檸檬
	Singapore (Hokkien)	檸檬
	Jieyang	檸檬
	Leizhou	酸檬
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	檸檬
Wu	Wenzhou	檸檬

Derived terms

檸檬水／柠檬水 (níngméngshuǐ)
檸檬汁／柠檬汁 (níngméngzhī)
檸檬烯／柠檬烯 (níngméngxī)
檸檬精／柠檬精 (níngméngjīng)
檸檬素／柠檬素
檸檬色／柠檬色 (níngméngsè)
檸檬茶／柠檬茶 (níngméngchá)
檸檬草／柠檬草 (níngméngcǎo)
檸檬酸／柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)
檸檬醛／柠檬醛 (níngméngquán)
檸檬醬／柠檬酱 (níngméngjiàng)
檸檬香茅／柠檬香茅 (níngméng xiāngmáo)
甜檸檬心理／甜柠檬心理
青檸檬／青柠檬
食檸檬／食柠檬

Adjective

檸檬

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (Internet slang) Synonym of 酸 (suān, “jealous; envious”)

Proper noun

檸檬

(～埠) (dated) Puerto Limón (a city, the capital city of Limón, Costa Rica)

Synonyms

利蒙

Japanese

Kanji in this term
檸	檬
れ Hyōgai	もん Hyōgai
irregular

Etymology

Borrowed from English lemon.

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓) and ateji (当て字), from Chinese 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng).

For pronunciation and definitions of 檸檬 – see the following entry.

【レモン】

[noun] lemon

(This term, 檸檬, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.)