橙

Translingual

Han character

橙 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓人廿 (DNOT), four-corner 4291₈, composition ⿰木登)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15552
Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 5
Unihan data for U+6A59

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (登) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
登	*tɯːŋ
璒	*tɯːŋ
燈	*tɯːŋ
簦	*tɯːŋ
蹬	tɯːŋ, dɯːŋs
磴	tɯːŋ, tɯːŋs, *tʰɯːŋ
鐙	tɯːŋ, tɯːŋs
嶝	*tɯːŋs
隥	*tɯːŋs
橙	tɯːŋs, rdɯːŋ
凳	*tɯːŋs
墱	*tɯːŋs
鼟	*tʰɯːŋ
膯	*tʰɯːŋ
澄	dɯːŋs, dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ
鄧	*dɯːŋs
僜	dɯːŋs, tʰɯŋ
覴	*tʰɯŋs
瞪	dɯŋ, dɯŋs, *rdɯːŋ
憕	dɯŋ, rdɯŋ, *rdɯːŋ
撜	*tjɯŋʔ
證	*tjɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		橙
alternative forms		棖／枨

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chéng (cheng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чын (čɨn, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caang^4-2 / caang⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): cang^3*
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀n

(Meixian, Guangdong): cang²
Jin (Wiktionary): ceng¹
Northern Min (KCR): câng
Eastern Min (BUC): cèng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiâng / chhiâm / têng / siâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): cêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zan; ⁶zen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zen²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
  - Yale: chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
  - Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cen²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰən²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чын (čɨn, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caang^4-2 / caang⁴
  - Yale: cháang / chàahng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaang^4-2 / tsaang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cang^4-2 / cang⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/, /t͡sʰaːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cang^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cin²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨn¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cang²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ceng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: câng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaang
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Philippines, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâm
  - Tâi-lô: tshiâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines, Singapore): /t͡sʰiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiam¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: têng
  - Tâi-lô: tîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: deeng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâm
  - Tâi-lô: siâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaam
  - IPA (Philippines): /siam²⁴/

Note:

chhiâm/chhiâng - vernacular;
têng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cêng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshêng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zan; ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zan^去; zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zan; ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/, /zən²³/

Note: 3zan - vernacular.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 橙
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/təŋ³¹²/ /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰən³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zeŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sən¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰaŋ¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰaŋ³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰaŋ³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰaŋ³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tiŋ³⁵/ /t͡sʰiam³⁵/ /t͡sʰiaŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰaŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/seŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: dreang

Rime
Character	橙
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	宅耕切
Baxter	dreang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ȡɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ȡæŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤrəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*rdɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	橙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ drɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁrəŋ/
English	citrus tree (Shuōwén)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橙
Reading #	2/2
No.	2200
Phonetic component	登
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	橙
Old Chinese	/*rdɯːŋ/

Definitions

橙

orange (the tree)
orange (the fruit) (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 楷 c)
orange (the color)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 橙子 (“orange”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	橙子
	Taiwan	柳丁, 柳橙
	Harbin	橙子
	Malaysia	橙
	Singapore	橙
Central Plains Mandarin	Xining	橙子
Central Plains Mandarin	Xuzhou	橙子
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	橙子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	橙子, 廣柑, 廣柑兒
	Guilin	橙子
	Pingle	橙子
	Liuzhou	橙子
	Luzhai	橙子, 橙子果
	Nanning (Wuming)	橙果, 橙子
	Hechi (Yizhou)	橙子
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	黃果
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	黃果
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	橙子, 甜橙
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	橙子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	橙
	Hong Kong	橙
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	橙
	Macau	橙
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	橙
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	橙仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	橙
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	橙
	Foshan	橙
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	橙
	Foshan (Shunde)	橙
	Foshan (Sanshui)	橙
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	橙
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	橙
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	橙
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	橙
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	橙
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	橙
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	橙
	Taishan	橙
	Kaiping (Chikan)	橙
	Enping (Niujiang)	橙
	Heshan (Yayao)	橙果
	Dongguan	橙
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	橙
	Beihai	橙
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	橙子
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	橙子
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	橙, 橙果, 橙子
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	橙
	Penang (Guangfu)	橙
	Singapore (Guangfu)	橙
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	橙
	Móng Cái	橙
Gan	Pingxiang	廣柑
Hakka	Meixian	橙仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	橙
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	橙
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	橙仔
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	橙
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	橙, 大桔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	橙
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	橙
	Hong Kong	橙仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	橙
Jin	Taiyuan	橙子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	橙
Southern Min	Xiamen	橙
	Quanzhou	橙
	Zhangzhou	橙
	Taipei	柳丁
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	柳丁
	Kaohsiung	柳丁
	Yilan	柳丁
	Changhua (Lukang)	柳丁
	Taichung	柳丁
	Taichung (Wuqi)	柳丁
	Tainan	柳丁
	Taitung	柳丁
	Hsinchu	柳丁
	Kinmen	橙
	Kinmen (Jinsha)	橙
	Penghu (Magong)	柳丁
	Singapore (Hokkien)	橙
	Manila (Hokkien)	橙
	Guilin (Biyange)	橙子
	Shantou	橙
	Bangkok (Teochew)	橙
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	橙
	Haikou	橙
Puxian Min	Xianyou	嗍柑
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	橙
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	橙
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	橙
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Yangjia)	橙子柑
Wu	Shanghai	甜橙, 橙子
	Suzhou	橙子
	Danyang	橙
	Hangzhou	橙子
	Wenzhou	甜橙
Xiang	Changsha	甜橙, 廣橘

Dialectal synonyms of 橙 (“orange (colour adjective)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		橙, 橙黃, 橘黃, 橘紅
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	橘黃, 橘紅
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	橘紅
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	橘黃, 橘紅
	Wanrong	橘紅
	Xuzhou	橘黃
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	橘黃, 橘紅
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	橘黃, 橘紅
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	橘黃
Cantonese	Guangzhou	金魚黃
	Hong Kong	橙
	Dongguan	橙
Hakka	Meixian	金黃, 金紅
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	淰黃
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	淰黃
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	淰黃
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	柑黃
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	淰黃
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	金黃
Jin	Taiyuan	橘紅, 橘黃
Southern Min	Xiamen	金黃, 橘黃
	Penang (Hokkien)	柑
	Manila (Hokkien)	橙
	Shantou	金黃, 橘紅
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	橘黃
Wu	Shanghai	橘黃, 橘紅, 橙黃
	Shanghai (Chongming)	橘黃
	Hangzhou	橘黃, 橘紅
	Ningbo	橘黃, 橘紅
	Wenzhou	橘黃

Compounds

柳橙 (liǔchéng)
柳橙汁 (liǔchéngzhī)
桑橙 (sāngchéng)
橙仔
橙子 (chéngzi)
橙子汁
橙汁 (chéngzhī)
橙皮 (chéngpí)
橙縣／橙县 (Chéngxiàn)
橙腹鸚鵡／橙腹鹦鹉 (chéngfù yīngwǔ)
橙色 (chéngsè)
橙黃／橙黄 (chénghuáng)
甜橙 (tiánchéng)
甲基橙 (jiǎjīchéng)
臍橙／脐橙
蜜橙糕 (mìchénggāo)
香橙 (xiāngchéng)

Descendants

→ Thai: เช้ง (chéeng)
→ Vietnamese: chanh

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 橙 – see 凳 (“bench, stool; chair”). (This character is a variant form of 凳).

Japanese

Kanji

橙

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

ダイダイ

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Daidai

Wikipedia

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Bitter orange

Wikipedia

bitter orange

Readings

Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←ぢやう (dyau, historical)}、とう (tō)^{←とう (tou, historical)}
Kan-on: とう (tō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}、とう (tō)^{←とう (tou, historical)}
Kun: だいだい (daidai, 橙)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
橙
だいだい Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
臭橙回青橙

Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) だいだい [dàídáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]
IPA^(key): [da̠ida̠i]

Noun

橙(だいだい) or 橙(ダイダイ) • (daidai)

the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium)
Synonym: 橙橘 (tōkitsu)

Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)

Hyponyms: 枸櫞 (kabuchi), 臭橙 (kabusu)
(by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ダイダイ.

Derived terms

References

^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

橙 • (deung, jeung) (hangeul 등, 증)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

橙: Hán Nôm readings: chanh, tranh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[DJS-1] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]