更新

Chinese

		to change; more; even more to change; more; even more; further; still; still more	new; newly; meso- (chem.)
trad. (更新)		更	新
simp. ^#(更新)		更	新

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gēngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang¹ san¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-sîn / kien-sîn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): keng-sin / kng-sin

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹ sing¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ken-shin₁ / ¹ken-sin₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gengsin
  - Wade–Giles: kêng¹-hsin¹
  - Yale: gēng-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gengshin
  - Palladius: гэнсинь (gɛnsinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gang¹ san¹
  - Yale: gāng sān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹ san¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng¹ sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    庚申
    更新
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-sîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien^ˊ xin^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ xin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-sîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien xin^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴ xin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ sin²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-sin
  - Tâi-lô: king-sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengsyn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng-sin
  - Tâi-lô: kng-sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngsyn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³ sin³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng¹ sing¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng sing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³⁻²³ siŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ken-shin₁
  - MiniDict: ken^平 shin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ken-xin₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kən⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹ken-sin₁
  - MiniDict: ken^平 sin^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kən⁴⁴ sin/

Middle Chinese: kaeng sin

Rime
Character	更	新
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古行切	息鄰切
Baxter	kaeng	sin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/	/siɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/	/sin/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/	/sjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/	/sin/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/	/siĕn/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/	/sĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/	/si̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang¹	san¹

Verb

更新

to update; to replace; to renew; to refresh
更新博客 ― gēngxīn bókè ― to update a blog

不斷更新／不断更新 ― bùduàn gēngxīn ― constantly updated

更新設備／更新设备 ― gēngxīn shèbèi ― to replace equipment

更新知識／更新知识 ― gēngxīn zhīshi ― to renew one's knowledge

更新網頁／更新网页 ― gēngxīn wǎngyè ― to refresh a webpage
to grow again; to rejuvenate (a forest)
(theology) to renew; to regenerate
- 充滿我，潔淨我，在祢寶座前，有生命水湧流，更新醫治我。 [MSC, trad.]
  充满我，洁净我，在祢宝座前，有生命水涌流，更新医治我。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2007, 曾祥怡 (Grace Tseng), 生命活水充滿我 (Living Water), English translation by Sandy Yu, Kevin Cheng, Jeff Nelson
  Chōngmǎn wǒ, jiéjìng wǒ, zài Nǐ bǎozuò qián, yǒu shēngmìng shuǐ yǒngliú, gēngxīn yīzhì wǒ. [Pinyin]
  (official translation) Fill me, Lord. Come, fill me, Lord. Here, before Your throne, the living water flows. Cleanse me, make me whole.
  (literal translation) Fill me; cleanse me. Before Your throne, the living water flows. Renew and heal me.

Synonyms

(to update): (literary) 鼎新 (dǐngxīn)

Derived terms

不可更新資源／不可更新资源 (bùkě gèngxīn zīyuán)
城市更新 (chéngshì gēngxīn)
堂構更新／堂构更新
市區更新／市区更新 (shìqū gēngxīn)
更新世 (Gèngxīnshì)
更新換代／更新换代
滾動更新／滚动更新 (gǔndòng gēngxīn)
滌故更新／涤故更新
萬象更新／万象更新 (wànxiànggēngxīn)
除舊更新／除旧更新

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (更新):

→ Japanese: 更新(こうしん) (kōshin)
→ Korean: 갱신(更新) (gaengsin), 경신(更新) (gyeongsin)
→ Vietnamese: canh tân (更新)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
更	新
こう Grade: S	しん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーしん [kòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun

更(こう)新(しん) • (kōshin) ^{←かうしん (kausin)^?}

renewal; update
更(こう)新(しん)履(り)歴(れき)
kōshin rireki
update history / changelog

Derived terms

更(こう)新(しん)料(りょう) (kōshinryō)

Verb

更(こう)新(しん)する • (kōshin suru) ^{←かうしん (kausin)^?}suru (stem 更(こう)新(しん)し (kōshin shi), past 更(こう)新(しん)した (kōshin shita))

to renew; to update

Conjugation

Conjugation of "更新する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	更新し	こうしんし	kōshin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	更新し	こうしんし	kōshin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	更新する	こうしんする	kōshin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	更新する	こうしんする	kōshin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	更新すれ	こうしんすれ	kōshin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	更新せよ¹ 更新しろ²	こうしんせよ¹ こうしんしろ²	kōshin seyo¹ kōshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	更新される	こうしんされる	kōshin sareru
Causative	更新させる更新さす	こうしんさせるこうしんさす	kōshin saseru kōshin sasu
Potential	更新できる	こうしんできる	kōshin dekiru
Volitional	更新しよう	こうしんしよう	kōshin shiyō
Negative	更新しない	こうしんしない	kōshin shinai
Negative continuative	更新せず	こうしんせず	kōshin sezu
Formal	更新します	こうしんします	kōshin shimasu
Perfective	更新した	こうしんした	kōshin shita
Conjunctive	更新して	こうしんして	kōshin shite
Hypothetical conditional	更新すれば	こうしんすれば	kōshin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
更	新

Noun

更新 • (gaengsin) (hangeul 갱신)

hanja form^? of 갱신 (“renewal (of the timeline of a contract; of an expiration date); update; refresh”)

Noun

更新 • (gyeongsin) (hangeul 경신)

hanja form^? of 경신 (“breaking a record; setting a new record; renewal (of a record); renovation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
更	新

Verb

更新

chữ Hán form of canh tân.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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