敵

敵 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜月人大 (YBOK), four-corner 0824₀, composition ⿰啇攵)

• 𭟗, 𢸑, 𧁱, 𡒱, 𰅇

• 敌 (Simplified Chinese)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 474, character 48
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13354
• Dae Jaweon: page 828, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1475, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6575

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːɡ) : phonetic 啻 (OC *hljeɡs) + semantic 攴 (“to tap; to hit”).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-taːj (“to retaliate; to grudge”). Cognate with Jingpho tai (tai³¹, “to avenge; to retaliate”) and Mizo tǎi (“to be at enmity with one another (intense); to have a grudge against”), and Burmese တေး (te:, “to grudge, to chalk up a grievance”).

敵

1. enemy; foe; rival

   敵我／敌我  ―  díwǒ  ―  the enemy and us

   與民為敵／与民为敌  ―  yǔ mín wéi dí  ―  to treat the people as the enemy

   • 「伏戎于莽」，敵剛也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     「伏戎于莽」，敌刚也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     “fú róng yú mǎng”, dí gāng yě. [Pinyin]

     “He hides his arms in the thick grass:” - because of the strength of his foe.

   • 光秀曰：「敵在本能寺！」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     光秀曰：「敌在本能寺！」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 1641 (compiled), 1658 (published); 林羅山 Hayashi Razan; 《織田信長譜》 (Oda Nobunaga-fu)

     Guāngxiù yuē: “Dí zài Běnnéng sì!” [Pinyin]

     Mitsuhide said: “The enemy is at Honnō-ji!”

2. hostile; antagonistic

   敵國／敌国  ―  díguó  ―  enemy state

3. to resist; to oppose

   敵不住／敌不住  ―  dí bùzhù  ―  cannot resist

   寡不敵眾／寡不敌众  ―  guǎbùdízhòng  ―  to be hopelessly out-numbered

4. to match; to rival

   匹敵／匹敌  ―  pǐdí  ―  to compare with

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: じゃく (jaku)^{←ぢやく (dyaku, historical)}
• Kan-on: てき (teki, Jōyō)
• Kun: あだ (ada, 敵)、かたき (kataki, 敵, Jōyō)

The Heian Kyoto pitch accent of <LLL> indicates that the first two morae of this word are come from 片(かた) (kata, “one of a pair”, pitch accent <LL>).

• (Tokyo) かたき [kàtákíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ta̠kʲi]

敵(かたき) • (kataki) 

1. an enemy
2. revenge, vengeance

   親(おや)の敵(かたき)

   oya no kataki

   revenge for one's parent's death

   • 2005 January 10, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “第(だい)34話(わ)　復(ふく)讐(しゅう)の槍(やり)”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣, volume 9 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:

     妹(いもうと)の仇(かたき)だ！何(なん)万(まん)人(にん)だろうが地(じ)獄(ごく)へ送(おく)ってやる‼

     Imōto no kataki da! Nanmannin darō ga jigoku e okutte yaru‼

     This is vengeance for my sister! Keep coming, all of you! I’ll send you all straight to hell‼

3. opponent (of the game or conflict)
4. (archaic, obsolete) marriage partner

From Middle Chinese 敵 (MC dek). First cited in Japanese to the early 1200s.^[2]

• (Tokyo) てき [tèkí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [te̞kʲi]

敵(てき) • (teki) 

1. [from early 1200s] an enemy

   敵(てき)は本能寺(ほんのうじ)にあり。

   Teki wa Honnō-ji ni ari.

   The enemy is at Honnō-ji. (attributed to Akechi Mitsuhide)

   • 1999 March 1, “とろける赤(あか)き影(かげ) (torokeru akaki kage)”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

     体(からだ)を溶(と)かして足(あし)もとの影(かげ)にもぐり、敵(てき)の真(ま)下(した)から攻(こう)撃(げき)する。

     Karada o tokashite ashimoto no kage ni moguri, teki no mashita kara kōgeki suru.

     It strikes its enemies directly from below as its melting body dives in the shadows under their feet.

2. [from early 1800s] an opponent, a competitor

   敵(てき)を倒(たお)す

   teki o taosu

   defeat an opponent

   • 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第60話(だいろくじゅうわ) - 少(しょう)女(じょ)の決(けつ)意(い) (dairokujūwa - shōjo no ketsui)”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド (Tōkyō Andāguraundo), volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 24–25:

     敵(てき)であるオマエを信(しん)じろと言(い)うのか？

     Teki de aru omae o shinjiro to iu no ka?

     You’re my opponent. Why should I believe you?

3. [1466–???] (historical) the other party in a lawsuit
4. [from 1678] 的: (historical) in the red-light district, a term of reference used between prostitutes and customers

• 敵対(てきたい) (tekitai)

敵(てき) • (teki) 

1. [from 1811] 的: (historical) (by extension from the red-light district usage) term of third-person reference: that guy, that one

   Synonym: やつ (yatsu)

2. [from 1809] 的: (historical, mildly derogatory) (by extension from the red-light district usage) term of second-person reference: you

   Synonym: お前 (omae)

From Middle Chinese 敵 (MC dek). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎍 (tyek) (Yale: tyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

 

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

敵

Wikisource

敵 (eumhun 원수 적 (wonsu jeok))

1. hanja form^? of 적 (“enemy”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

敵: Hán Nôm readings: địch

1. chữ Hán form of địch (“enemy”).