恬

Translingual

Han character

恬 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心竹十口 (PHJR), four-corner 9206₄, composition ⿰忄舌)

Derived characters

湉, 𦳇

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10595
Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 5
Unihan data for U+606C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
餂	*l̥ʰeːmʔ
恬	*l'eːm
湉	*l'eːm
甜	*l'iːm
狧	*l̥ʰaːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːm) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm).

Etymology 1

trad.		恬
simp. ^#		恬

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tián (tian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tim⁴ / tim⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiam⁵ / tiang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tián
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tián
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien²
  - Yale: tyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyan
  - Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tim⁴ / tim⁵
  - Yale: tìhm / tíhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tim⁴ / tim⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: tim⁴ / tim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm²¹/, /tʰiːm¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâm
  - Tâi-lô: tiâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diaam
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiam¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tiam²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiam⁵ / tiang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiâm / thiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiam⁵⁵/, /tʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

tiam5 - Chaozhou;
tiang5 - Chenghai.

Middle Chinese: dem

Rime
Character	恬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒兼切
Baxter	dem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dem/
Pan Wuyun	/dem/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛm/
Li Rong	/dem/
Wang Li	/diem/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'eːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恬
Reading #	1/1
No.	12406
Phonetic component	甜
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	甜
Old Chinese	/*l'eːm/

Definitions

恬

quiet; calm; tranquil; peaceful
simple and contented; indifferent to fame or gain
unperturbed; indifferent; not caring of

Synonyms

edit

和平 (hépíng)
嗼寂 (mòjì)
安恬 (āntián) (literary)
安生 (ānshēng)
安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
寂寥 (jìliáo)
寂寞 (jìmò)
寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
平和
平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
恬倓 (tiántán)
恬淡 (tiándàn)
恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
沉寂 (chénjì)
沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
自靜／自静 (zi³ jing²) (Jin)
靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Hokkien)
靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
靜生生／静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		恬
simp. ^#		恬
alternative forms		扂 Hokkien

Pronunciation

Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tiâm

(Hailu, HRS): diam^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiām / tiǎm

(Teochew, Peng'im): diam⁷ / diang⁷

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: diam^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: diam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ti̯am²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: diam^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /tiam⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām
  - Tâi-lô: tiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tiam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǎm
  - Tâi-lô: tiǎm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diam⁷ / diang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiām / tiāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam¹¹/, /tiaŋ¹¹/

Note:

diam7 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang;
diang7 - Chenghai.

Definitions

恬

(Southern Min, Hakka) quiet; silent; calm
恬喙！ [Hokkien] ― Tiām chhùi! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Be quiet! / Shut up!

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 住口 (“to shut up; to stop talking”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		住口, 住嘴, 閉嘴
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	閉嘴
	Taiwan	閉嘴
	Singapore	閉嘴, 靜靜
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	閉嘴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮
	Hong Kong	收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮
	Ipoh (Guangfu)	收聲, 恬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	收聲, 收嗲
Hakka	Meixian	合嘴
Southern Min	Tainan	恬去
	Penang (Hokkien)	恬
	Singapore (Hokkien)	恬
	Manila (Hokkien)	恬
	Leizhou	關喙
Wu	Shanghai	關脫

References

“Entry #4919”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

恬

(Hyōgai kanji)

nonchalant

Readings

Go-on: でん (den)^{←でん (den, historical)}^{←でむ (demu, ancient)}
Kan-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)}^{←てむ (temu, ancient)}
Kun: やすい (yasui, 恬い)、やすらか (yasuraka, 恬らか)
Nanori: しずか (shizuka)

Korean

Hanja

恬 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恬: Hán Nôm readings: điềm, đềm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

恬

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

See also

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character