戒

See also: 戎

戒	U+6212, 戒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6212

← 我
[U+6211]

CJK Unified Ideographs

戓 →
[U+6213]

Translingual

Han character

戒 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿 (IT), four-corner 5340₀, composition ⿹戈廾)

Derived characters

械, 誡

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 412, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11548
Dae Jaweon: page 754, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1400, character 5
Unihan data for U+6212

Chinese

simp. and trad.		戒
alternative forms		𢌵

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戒
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (戒) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
祴	*kɯː
駴	*ɡrɯːʔ
戒	*krɯːɡs
誡	*krɯːɡs
悈	krɯːɡs, kɯɡ
械	*ɡrɯːɡs
裓	*kɯːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戈 (“halberd”) + 廾 (“hands”) – to hold up a weapon as warning.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiè (jie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiai⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jiē

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jiē

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җе (ži͡ə, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai³
Gan (Wiktionary): gai⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kie / kiai

(Meixian, Guangdong): giai⁴
Northern Min (KCR): ga̿i
Eastern Min (BUC): gái
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kài

(Teochew, Peng'im): gai³

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gai³
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gaai³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵ka; ⁵cia / ⁵cie
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gai⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiè
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁴
  - Yale: jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiai⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: jiē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: jiē
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jie⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕie⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җе (ži͡ə, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiə⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaai³
  - Yale: gaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kie
  - Hakka Romanization System: gie
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gie⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯e⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiai
  - Hakka Romanization System: giai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯ai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kiaɪ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ga̿i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài
  - Tâi-lô: kài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai²¹³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: gai³
  - Sinological IPA: /kai²¹/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: gaai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ka; ⁵cia
  - MiniDict: ka^去; cia^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ka; ²jia
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka³⁴/, /t͡ɕia³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kɑ⁵²³/, /t͡ɕiɑ⁵²³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cie
  - MiniDict: cie^去
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁵/

Note:

5ka - vernacular;
5cia - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai̯⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: keajH

Rime
Character	戒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古拜切
Baxter	keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/kɛi^H/
Wang Li	/kɐi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiè
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrək-s/ (~ kˁrək)
English	be on guard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戒
Reading #	1/1
No.	6544
Phonetic component	戒
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	誡
Old Chinese	/*krɯːɡs/

Definitions

戒

to warn; to caution; to admonish
to guard against; to forbid
to give up; to quit (a bad habit)
戒煙／戒烟 ― jièyān ― to quit smoking
- 2021, “反對無效 [Overruled]”, 陳詠謙 [Chan Wing Him] (lyrics), 馮允謙 [Jay Fung] and Cameron Browne (music)‎^[1]performed by 張天賦 [MC]:
  
  神如何做出這種吸引　我愛你已開始變成癮　我戒不到這種興奮 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  神如何做出这种吸引　我爱你已开始变成瘾　我戒不到这种兴奋 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  san⁴ jyu⁴ ho⁴ zou⁶ ceot¹ ze² zung² kap¹ jan⁵, ngo⁵ oi³ nei⁵ ji⁵ hoi¹ ci² bin³ sing⁴ jan⁵, ngo⁵ gaai³ bat¹ dou^3-2 ze² zung² hing¹ fan⁵ [Jyutping]
  How did God create this kind of attraction? My love for you has started to become an addiction. I cannot give this excitement up.
(archaic) to fast; to purify oneself
(Buddhism) rules governing behavior; precepts
Synonym: 尸羅 (shīluó)
(archaic) to command; to order
(literary) careful; cautious
Short for 戒指 (jièzhi, “ring”).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 戒 (“to give up; to quit”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		戒
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	戒
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	戒
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	戒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	戒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	戒
Cantonese	Hong Kong	戒
Gan	Nanchang	戒
Hakka	Meixian	戒
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	戒
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	戒
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	戒
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	戒
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	戒
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	改
Huizhou	Jixi	戒
Southern Min	Xiamen	改
	Quanzhou	改
	Zhangzhou	改
	Tainan	改

Compounds

三戒
不戒
五戒 (wǔjiè)
作持戒
傳戒／传戒
儆戒
八戒 (bājiè)
具戒
具足戒
力戒 (lìjiè)
勒戒 (lèjiè)
勸善戒惡／劝善戒恶
勸戒／劝戒 (quànjiè)
十戒 (shíjiè)
受戒 (shòujiè)
告戒 (gàojiè)
天戒 (tiānjiè)
小乘戒
履霜之戒
幽冥戒 (Yōumíng jiè)
引以為戒／引以为戒 (yǐnyǐwéijiè)
後車之戒／后车之戒
懲一戒百／惩一戒百 (chéngyījièbǎi)
懲戒／惩戒 (chéngjiè)
懲戒處分／惩戒处分
懿戒
戒備／戒备 (jièbèi)
戒具
戒刀
戒勉
戒口 (jièkǒu)
戒嚴／戒严 (jièyán)
戒嚴令／戒严令 (jièyánlìng)
戒嚴法／戒严法
戒塗／戒涂 (jiètú)
戒壇／戒坛
戒尺 (jièchǐ)
戒律 (jièlǜ)
戒心 (jièxīn)
戒忌
戒惕
戒慎
戒懼／戒惧 (jièjù)
戒指
戒掉
戒敕
戒方 (jièfāng)
戒旦
戒書／戒书
戒條／戒条
戒毒 (jièdú)
戒法
戒牒 (jièdié)
戒相
戒石
戒絕／戒绝
戒臘／戒腊
戒菸／戒烟 (jièyān)
戒葷／戒荤
戒行 (jièxíng)
戒誨／戒诲
戒護／戒护
戒賭／戒赌 (jièdǔ)
戒酒 (jièjiǔ)
戒除 (jièchú)
戒飭／戒饬 (jièchì)
戒驕戒躁／戒骄戒躁
戒體／戒体
持戒
持滿戒盈／持满戒盈
持齋受戒／持斋受戒
摩頂受戒／摩顶受戒
敕戒
止持戒
殺戒／杀戒 (shājiè)
法戒
清規戒律／清规戒律
犯戒 (fànjiè)
省戒
破戒 (pòjiè)
禁戒
結婚戒指／结婚戒指
色戒
菩薩戒／菩萨戒 (Púsà jiè)
覆車之戒／覆车之戒
覆車當戒／覆车当戒
規戒／规戒 (guījiè)
說戒／说戒
諄諄告戒／谆谆告戒 (zhūnzhūngàojiè)
警戒 (jǐngjiè)
警戒線／警戒线 (jǐngjièxiàn)
警戒色
豬八戒／猪八戒 (Zhū Bājiè)
酒戒 (jiǔjiè)
鏡戒／镜戒
鑒戒／鉴戒 (jiànjiè)
鑑戒／鉴戒 (jiànjiè)
鑽戒／钻戒 (zuànjiè)
開戒／开戒
齋戒／斋戒 (zhāijiè)
齋戒沐浴／斋戒沐浴 (zhāijièmùyù)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 戒 – see 誡 (“to warn; to admonish; to caution; to take precautions; to guard against; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 誡).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

戒

(Jōyō kanji)

commandment

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 戒める, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
戒
かい Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 戒 (MC keajH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かい [káꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Noun

戒(かい) • (kai)

precept, commandment

Derived terms

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

戒 (eumhun 경계할 계 (gyeonggyehal gye))

hanja form^? of 계 (“caution, warn”)

Vietnamese

Han character

戒: Hán Nôm readings: giới

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]