墓

Stroke order

墓 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 (Mainland China, Japan), 14 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 廿日大土 (TAKG), four-corner 4410₄, composition ⿱莫土)

• 𭂥, 𫮲, 𮁒

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5431
• Dae Jaweon: page 476, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 470, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5893

Historical forms of the character 墓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːɡs) : phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ) + semantic 土.

墓

1. grave; tomb
2. a surname: Mu

• (grave):

• → Khmer: ម៉ុង (mong)
• → Indonesian: bong
• → Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦁ (bong)

• “墓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “墓”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 388.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “墓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. grave; graveyard

• Go-on: も (mo)
• Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
• Kun: はか (haka, 墓, Jōyō)
• Nanori: つか (tsuka)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *paka. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[1]

Ultimate derivation unknown. One possibility is that the final ka may be 処 (ka, suffix denoting place), as in the term 住み処 (sumika, “dwelling, home, abode”, literally “living place”).

• (Tokyo) はか [hàkáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ka̠]

墓(はか) • (haka) 

1. a grave, a tomb

From Middle Chinese 墓 (muoᴴ, “grave, tomb”). Compare modern Min Nan readings bō͘, bōng.

• IPA^(key): [bo̞]

墓(ぼ) • (bo) 

1. a grave, a tomb

Seldom used in isolation. More commonly encountered in compounds.

Irregularly shifted from Middle Chinese 墓 (MC muH), perhaps due to confusion with the hanja 廟 (myo, “temple”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mjo(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [묘(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

 

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

墓

Wikisource

墓 (eumhun 무덤 묘 (mudeom myo))

1. hanja form^? of 묘 (“grave; tomb”) [noun]
2. hanja form^? of 묘 (“grave; tomb”) [affix]

Presumably the original form.

• (Yukjin) IPA^(key): [mó]

墓 (eumhun 무덤 모 (mudeom mo))

1. (Yukjin, Russia) hanja form^? of 모 (“grave; tomb”) [noun]

• Yukjin speakers still use the orthodox pronunciation in compounds, e.g. 묘디(墓地) (myodi) for 묘지(墓地) (myoji).
• This form appears to have historically been more common throughout the peninsula, as even southern dialects still sporadically have the derived term 못자리 (motjari, “gravesite”).

• 곽충구 (Kwak Chung-gu) (2018) “漢(한)字(자)語(어)(方(방)言(언)) 속의 特(특)異(이) 漢(한)字(자)音(음)—동북방언을 중심으로— [Unusual character readings in (dialectal) Sino-Korean vocabulary: focusing on the Northeastern dialect]”, in Gugeohak, volume 88, pages 3—32

墓: Hán Nôm readings: mộ, mô, mồ

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