北極

Chinese

		north	utmost; pole; extreme utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit
trad. (北極)		北	極
simp. (北极)		北	极

Etymology

First attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602].

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Běijí

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ gik⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Pet-khi̍t

(Hailu, HRS): bed kid^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Pak-ke̍k / Pak-kia̍k / Pok-ke̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): bag⁴ gêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Běijí
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Běijí
  - Wade–Giles: Pei³-chi²
  - Yale: Běi-jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Beeijyi
  - Palladius: Бэйцзи (Bɛjczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bak¹ gik⁶
  - Yale: bāk gihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ gik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ gig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ kɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Pet-khi̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: bed^ˋ kid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵ kid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /pet̚² kʰit̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: bed kid^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /pet⁵⁻² kʰit²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pak-ke̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Pak-ki̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pakkek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pak-kia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Pak-kia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pakkiak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, dated in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pok-ke̍k
  - Tâi-lô: Pok-ki̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pokkek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bag⁴ gêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pak ke̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pak̚²⁻⁴ kek̚⁴/

Proper noun

北極

the North Pole
- 北極彼粒星指引路線，黑暗中希望的光影。 [Hokkien, trad.]
  北极彼粒星指引路线，黑暗中希望的光影。 [Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 詹雅雯, 北極星
  Pak-ke̍k hit lia̍p chhiⁿ chí-ín lō͘-sòaⁿ, o͘-àm tiong hi-bāng ê kng-iáⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  That star in the North Pole guides the road; [it is] the light of hope in the dark.

Antonyms

南極／南极 (Nánjí)

Derived terms

北極光／北极光 (běijíguāng)
北極圈／北极圈 (Běijíquān)
北極星／北极星 (Běijíxīng)
北極熊／北极熊 (běijíxióng)
北極狐／北极狐 (Běijíhú)
北極貝／北极贝 (běijíbèi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (北極):

→ Japanese: 北極(ほっきょく) (Hokkyoku)
→ Korean: 북극(北極) (Bukgeuk)
→ Vietnamese: Bắc cực (北極)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
北	極
ほく > ほっ Grade: 2	きょく Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほっきょく [hòkkyókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

北(ほっ)極(きょく) • (hokkyoku)

Short for 北極圏. north polar region, north pole

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
北	極

Noun

北極 • (bukgeuk) (hangeul 북극)

hanja form^? of 북극 (“north pole”)

Proper noun

北極 • (Bukgeuk) (hangeul 북극)

hanja form^? of 북극 (“North Pole; Arctic”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
北	極

Noun

北極

chữ Hán form of bắc cực (“north pole”).

Proper noun

北極

chữ Hán form of Bắc cực (“North Pole”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

北極

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Proper noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

Korean

Noun

Proper noun

Vietnamese

Noun

Proper noun