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Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

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Etymology 1

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  • From Aramaic אֲנָא (ʾănā) with a lengthening of the first syllable, possible influence to and from Gulf Arabic آنَا (āna) or Iraqi Arabic آني (āni), but compare Turoyo ܐܳܢܐ (ono), hinting at a historical long /ā/. In other cases, a short initial /a/ without doubling afterwards where it usually would happen has let to it elongating, such as many dialects’ realization of ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (/ʾalāhā/) as /ʾālāhā/.
  • Otherwise from the variant form Aramaic אנא (ʾĕnā) whose pronunciation is seen in Classical Syriac ܐܸܢܵܐ (ʾĕnā) and reflected still in the dialectal Turoyo form Turoyo ܐܷܢܐ (ëno). A shift from a short initial /ʾĕ/ without doubling afterwards where it would usually happen has led to its shift into /ʾă/, again seen in Aramaic אֱלָהָא (ʾĕlāhā) into ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (ʾălāhā).

Ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʔanāku; compare Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā), Hebrew אֲנִי (aní) and Akkadian 𒀀𒈾𒆪 (anāku).

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard) IPA(key): [ʔɑːnɑː]

Pronoun

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ܐܵܢܵܐ (ānāsg (plural ܐܲܚܢܲܢ (aḥnan))

  1. (personal) I
  2. (intensive) I myself
See also
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Assyrian Neo-Aramaic personal pronouns
Isolated nominative pronouns
singular plural
1st person ܐܵܢܵܐ (ānā) ܐܲܚܢܲܢ (aḥnan)
2nd person m ܐܲܢ݇ܬ (at) ܐܲܢ݇ܬܘܿܢ (atōn)
f ܐܲܢ݇ܬܝ (at) ܐܲܢ݇ܬܹܝܢ (attēn)
3rd person m ܗ̇ܘ (awa) ܗܸܢܘܿܢ (hinōn)
f ܗ̇ܝ (aya) ܗܸܢܹܝܢ (hinnēn)
Enclitic accusative and genitive pronouns
singular plural
1st person -ܝܼ () -ܲܢ (-an)
2nd person m -ܘܼܟ݂ (-ūḵ) -ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (-āwḵōn)
f -ܵܟ݂ܝ (-āḵ)
3rd person m -ܹܗ, -ܘܼܗܝ (-ēh, -ūh) -ܗܘܿܢ (-hōn)
f -ܵܗ̇, -ܘܿܗ̇ (-āh, -ōh)

Etymology 2

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Possibly from ܐܵܗܵܐ (aha) + ܐܵܢܝܼ (anī).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ܐܲܢܹܐ or ܐܲܢܲܝ̈ (annē or annayc (singular ܐܵܗܵܐ (āhā))

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of ܗܵܠܹܝܢ (hālēn, these)
Usage notes
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  • In the Iraqi Koine, this is the most common spelling in vocalised texts. ܐܲܢܲܝ̈ (annay) is more common in unvocalised texts.

Classical Syriac

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Semitic *ʔanāku. Compare Arabic أَنَا (ʔanā), Hebrew אֲנִי (ʾănî).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ܐܢܐ (ʾĕnāc (plural ܚܢܢ or ܐܢܚܢܢ)

  1. (personal) I
  2. (intensive) I myself

Etymology 2

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Modified from above, with the initial consonant and vowel quiescing.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ܐܢܐ (-nāʾc (plural ܚܢܢ)

  1. an enclitic used as a copula for a first-person singular subject; I am
Usage notes
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Usually, the form ܐܢܐ (ʾĕnāʾ) is written separately from the word it follows while the alternative form ܢܐ- (-nāʾ) is written together with the word it follows.

See also
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References

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  • ˀnˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-06-16
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 12b
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 21a
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 58b

Turoyo

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ܐܳܢܳܐ (ono)

  1. (personal) I
  2. (intensive) I myself
See also
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Turoyo personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ܐܳܢܳܐ (ono) ܐܰܚܢܰܐ (aḥna)
2nd person m ܗܰܬ (hat) ܗܰܬܘ (hatu)
f ܗܰܬ (hat)
3rd person m ܗܝܝܶܐ (hiye) ܗܷܢܢܶܐ (hënne)
f ܗܝܝܰܐ (hiya)

Etymology 2

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Modified from above.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ܐܢܳܐ (no)

  1. an enclitic used as a copula for a first-person singular subject: I am
    Alternative form: -ܢܳܐ (-no)