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Bulgarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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душма́н (dušmánm (relational adjective душма́нски)

  1. (obsolete or colloquial) Alternative form of душма́нин (dušmánin).

Declension

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References

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  • душман”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • душман”, in Речник на българския език (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Karaim

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Etymology

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From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

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душман (duşman)

  1. enemy, foe.

References

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  • N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “душман”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ, Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kumyk

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Etymology

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From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

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душман (duşman)

  1. enemy, foe

Declension

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Further reading

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Macedonian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈduʃman]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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душман (dušmanm (plural душмани, feminine душманка, relational adjective душмански)

  1. enemy, fiend (an aggressive one)

Declension

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Russian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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душма́н (dušmánm anim (genitive душма́на, nominative plural душма́ны, genitive plural душма́нов)

  1. (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan) mujahid, enemy

Declension

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Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمان (düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman). Akin to душма̀нлук and ди̑н-ду̏шман.

Pronunciation

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  • (dùšmān): IPA(key): /dûʃman/
  • (dùšmān): IPA(key): /dǔʃmaːn/
  • Hyphenation: душ‧ман

Noun

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ду̏шман m (Latin spelling dȕšman) or ду̀шма̄н m (Latin spelling dùšmān)

  1. (expressively) enemy
    Synonym: nèprijatelj

Declension

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References

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  • душман”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
  • Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 229

Tajik

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Etymology

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Inherited from Classical Persian دُشْمَن (dušman).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /duʃman/, [d̪uʃ.män]

Noun

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душман (dušman) (Persian spelling دشمن)

  1. enemy
    Баъд аз 3 соли ҷанг бо душманони дохиливу хориҷӣ болшевикон тавонистанд ҳакимятро дар собиқ Империяи Русия ба даст оранд.Baʾd az 3 sol-i jang bo dušmanon-i doxilivu xoriji bolševikon tavonistand hakimyatro dar sobiq Imperiya-yi Rusiya ba dast orand.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Inflection

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Inflection of душман
singular plural
sound broken2 or broken2
bare душман
dušman
душманон
dušmanon1
[Term?]
[Term?]
definite
object
душманро
dušmanro
душманонро
dušmanonro1
ро
ro
ро
ro
izofa душмани
dušman-i
душманони
dušmanon-i1
и
i
и
i
indefinite,
definite
relative
bare душмане
dušmane
object душманеро
dušmanero
1The plural form in -ҳо (-ho) (душманҳо (dušmanho)), is also acceptable.
Possessive forms of душман
singular plural
sound broken2 broken2
bare 1st singular душманам
dušmanam
душманонам
dušmanonam1
ам
am
ам
am
2nd singular душманат
dušmanat
душманонат
dušmanonat1
ат
at
ат
at
3rd singular душманаш
dušmanaš
душманонаш
dušmanonaš1
аш
аш
1st plural душманамон
dušmanamon
душманонамон
dušmanonamon1
амон
amon
амон
amon
2nd plural душманатон
dušmanaton
душманонатон
dušmanonaton1
атон
aton
атон
aton
3rd plural душманашон
dušmanašon
душманонашон
dušmanonašon1
ашон
ašon
ашон
ašon
singular plural
sound broken2 broken2
definite
object
1st singular душманамро
dušmanamro
душманонамро
dušmanonamro1
амро
amro
амро
amro
2nd singular душманатро
dušmanatro
душманонатро
dušmanonatro1
атро
atro
атро
atro
3rd singular душманашро
dušmanašro
душманонашро
dušmanonašro1
ашро
ašro
ашро
ašro
1st plural душманамонро
dušmanamonro
душманонамонро
dušmanonamonro1
амонро
amonro
амонро
amonro
2nd plural душманатонро
dušmanatonro
душманонатонро
dušmanonatonro1
атонро
atonro
атонро
atonro
3rd plural душманашонро
dušmanašonro
душманонашонро
dušmanonašonro1
ашонро
ašonro
ашонро
ašonro
1The plural form in -ҳо (-ho) (душманҳо (dušmanho)), is also acceptable.
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Urum

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Etymology

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From Persian دشمن (došman).

Noun

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душман (duşman)

  1. enemy, foe.

References

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  • Oleksandr Harkavecʹ (2000) Urumsʹkyj Slovnyk, Almaty: Ynstytut Sxodoznavstva Myžnarodnyx Vydnosyn Xarkyvsʹkyj Kolehyum, →ISBN