در
Arabic
editEtymology 1
editRoot |
---|
د ر ر (d r r) |
6 terms |
From Proto-Afroasiatic *dâr- (“to increase”). Cognate with Old South Arabian 𐩵𐩧𐩧 (drr, “abundance, harvest”).
Verb
editدَرَّ • (darra) I (non-past يَدِرُّ (yadirru) or يَدُرُّ (yadurru), verbal noun دَرّ (darr))
Conjugation
editverbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
دَرّ darr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
دَارّ dārr | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَدْرُور madrūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | دَرَرْتُ darartu |
دَرَرْتَ dararta |
دَرَّ darra |
دَرَرْتُمَا darartumā |
دَرَّا darrā |
دَرَرْنَا dararnā |
دَرَرْتُمْ darartum |
دَرُّوا darrū | |||
f | دَرَرْتِ dararti |
دَرَّتْ darrat |
دَرَّتَا darratā |
دَرَرْتُنَّ darartunna |
دَرَرْنَ dararna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَدِرُّ, أَدُرُّ ʔadirru, ʔadurru |
تَدِرُّ, تَدُرُّ tadirru, tadurru |
يَدِرُّ, يَدُرُّ yadirru, yadurru |
تَدِرَّانِ, تَدُرَّانِ tadirrāni, tadurrāni |
يَدِرَّانِ, يَدُرَّانِ yadirrāni, yadurrāni |
نَدِرُّ, نَدُرُّ nadirru, nadurru |
تَدِرُّونَ, تَدُرُّونَ tadirrūna, tadurrūna |
يَدِرُّونَ, يَدُرُّونَ yadirrūna, yadurrūna | |||
f | تَدِرِّينَ, تَدُرِّينَ tadirrīna, tadurrīna |
تَدِرُّ, تَدُرُّ tadirru, tadurru |
تَدِرَّانِ, تَدُرَّانِ tadirrāni, tadurrāni |
تَدْرِرْنَ, تَدْرُرْنَ tadrirna, tadrurna |
يَدْرِرْنَ, يَدْرُرْنَ yadrirna, yadrurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَدِرَّ, أَدُرَّ ʔadirra, ʔadurra |
تَدِرَّ, تَدُرَّ tadirra, tadurra |
يَدِرَّ, يَدُرَّ yadirra, yadurra |
تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا tadirrā, tadurrā |
يَدِرَّا, يَدُرَّا yadirrā, yadurrā |
نَدِرَّ, نَدُرَّ nadirra, nadurra |
تَدِرُّوا, تَدُرُّوا tadirrū, tadurrū |
يَدِرُّوا, يَدُرُّوا yadirrū, yadurrū | |||
f | تَدِرِّي, تَدُرِّي tadirrī, tadurrī |
تَدِرَّ, تَدُرَّ tadirra, tadurra |
تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا tadirrā, tadurrā |
تَدْرِرْنَ, تَدْرُرْنَ tadrirna, tadrurna |
يَدْرِرْنَ, يَدْرُرْنَ yadrirna, yadrurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَدِرَّ, أَدِرِّ, أَدْرِرْ, أَدُرَّ, أَدُرِّ, أَدْرُرْ ʔadirra, ʔadirri, ʔadrir, ʔadurra, ʔadurri, ʔadrur |
تَدِرَّ, تَدِرِّ, تَدْرِرْ, تَدُرَّ, تَدُرِّ, تَدْرُرْ tadirra, tadirri, tadrir, tadurra, tadurri, tadrur |
يَدِرَّ, يَدِرِّ, يَدْرِرْ, يَدُرَّ, يَدُرِّ, يَدْرُرْ yadirra, yadirri, yadrir, yadurra, yadurri, yadrur |
تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا tadirrā, tadurrā |
يَدِرَّا, يَدُرَّا yadirrā, yadurrā |
نَدِرَّ, نَدِرِّ, نَدْرِرْ, نَدُرَّ, نَدُرِّ, نَدْرُرْ nadirra, nadirri, nadrir, nadurra, nadurri, nadrur |
تَدِرُّوا, تَدُرُّوا tadirrū, tadurrū |
يَدِرُّوا, يَدُرُّوا yadirrū, yadurrū | |||
f | تَدِرِّي, تَدُرِّي tadirrī, tadurrī |
تَدِرَّ, تَدِرِّ, تَدْرِرْ, تَدُرَّ, تَدُرِّ, تَدْرُرْ tadirra, tadirri, tadrir, tadurra, tadurri, tadrur |
تَدِرَّا, تَدُرَّا tadirrā, tadurrā |
تَدْرِرْنَ, تَدْرُرْنَ tadrirna, tadrurna |
يَدْرِرْنَ, يَدْرُرْنَ yadrirna, yadrurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | دِرَّ, دِرِّ, اِدْرِرْ, دُرَّ, دُرِّ, اُدْرُرْ dirra, dirri, idrir, durra, durri, udrur |
دِرَّا, دُرَّا dirrā, durrā |
دِرُّوا, دُرُّوا dirrū, durrū |
||||||||
f | دِرِّي, دُرِّي dirrī, durrī |
اِدْرِرْنَ, اُدْرُرْنَ idrirna, udrurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | دُرَّ durra |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | يُدَرُّ yudarru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | يُدَرَّ yudarra |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | يُدَرَّ, يُدَرِّ, يُدْرَرْ yudarra, yudarri, yudrar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Etymology 2
editNoun
editدَرّ • (darr) m
- verbal noun of دَرَّ (darra) (form I)
- copious flow of milk
- milk, lactation
- achievement, accomplishment
- nature, natural disposition
- soul, mind, intellect
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- لِلَّٰهِ دَرُّكَ (lillāhi darruka)
References
edit- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “در”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
Etymology 3
editNoun
editدُرّ • (durr) m (collective, singulative دُرَّة f (durra), paucal دُرَّات (durrāt) or دُرَر (durar))
Declension
editCollective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دُرّ durr |
الدُّرّ ad-durr |
دُرّ durr |
Nominative | دُرٌّ durrun |
الدُّرُّ ad-durru |
دُرُّ durru |
Accusative | دُرًّا durran |
الدُّرَّ ad-durra |
دُرَّ durra |
Genitive | دُرٍّ durrin |
الدُّرِّ ad-durri |
دُرِّ durri |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دُرَّة durra |
الدُّرَّة ad-durra |
دُرَّة durrat |
Nominative | دُرَّةٌ durratun |
الدُّرَّةُ ad-durratu |
دُرَّةُ durratu |
Accusative | دُرَّةً durratan |
الدُّرَّةَ ad-durrata |
دُرَّةَ durrata |
Genitive | دُرَّةٍ durratin |
الدُّرَّةِ ad-durrati |
دُرَّةِ durrati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | دُرَّتَيْن durratayn |
الدُّرَّتَيْن ad-durratayn |
دُرَّتَيْ durratay |
Nominative | دُرَّتَانِ durratāni |
الدُّرَّتَانِ ad-durratāni |
دُرَّتَا durratā |
Accusative | دُرَّتَيْنِ durratayni |
الدُّرَّتَيْنِ ad-durratayni |
دُرَّتَيْ durratay |
Genitive | دُرَّتَيْنِ durratayni |
الدُّرَّتَيْنِ ad-durratayni |
دُرَّتَيْ durratay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal; basic broken paucal triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دُرَّات; دُرَر durrāt; durar |
الدُّرَّات; الدُّرَر ad-durrāt; ad-durar |
دُرَّات; دُرَر durrāt; durar |
Nominative | دُرَّاتٌ; دُرَرٌ durrātun; durarun |
الدُّرَّاتُ; الدُّرَرُ ad-durrātu; ad-duraru |
دُرَّاتُ; دُرَرُ durrātu; duraru |
Accusative | دُرَّاتٍ; دُرَرًا durrātin; duraran |
الدُّرَّاتِ; الدُّرَرَ ad-durrāti; ad-durara |
دُرَّاتِ; دُرَرَ durrāti; durara |
Genitive | دُرَّاتٍ; دُرَرٍ durrātin; durarin |
الدُّرَّاتِ; الدُّرَرِ ad-durrāti; ad-durari |
دُرَّاتِ; دُرَرِ durrāti; durari |
Descendants
editEtymology 4
editVerb
edit- second-person masculine singular imperative of دَارَ (dāra)
Ottoman Turkish
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editدر • (der)
- Alternative form of تر (ter, “sweat”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Classical Persian در (durr), from Arabic دُرّ (durr).
Noun
editدر • (dür)
- pearl
- (figurative) a beautiful girl
Etymology 3
editPreposition
editدر • (der)
- in, into
- within, among
Etymology 4
editContraction of دورور (durur, “it stands”).
Verb
editدر • (dır, dir, dur, dür)
Descendants
editEtymology 5
editPhrase
editدر • (dur)
- it is
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “در”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 892
Pashto
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editدر • (dar)
- toward you (pronominal prefix of the second person)
Persian
editEtymology 1
editAppears in the 1100s, a contraction of earlier Classical Persian اندر (andar), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (byn /andar/, “in, among, towards, concerning”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), from Proto-Iranian, Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hantara-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [daɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dar |
Dari reading? | dar |
Iranian reading? | dar |
Tajik reading? | dar |
Preposition
editPicture dictionary | |
---|---|
|
Dari | در |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | дар |
در • (dar)
- at, in, inside, within
- in, on; used of time units.
- در روز یکشنبه ― dar ruz-e yekšambe ― on Monday
- در سال ۲۰۲۴ ― dar sâl-e 2024 ― in the year 2024
- by, per
- درصد ― darsad ― percent (literally, “per hundred”)
- دو متر در دو متر ― do metr dar do metr ― two by two meters
Usage notes
edit- In colloquial Iranian Persian, تو (tu) is normally used instead of در (dar) in all contexts except for fixed, idiomatic phrases. However, only در (dar) is used in formal or literary contexts.
- In colloquial Dari Persian, در (dar) is still used but pronounced and often written ده (da).
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, “gate, court, palace, chapter, subject”), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuarəm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindi बार (bār) / Urdu بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).[2]
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [daɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dar |
Dari reading? | dar |
Iranian reading? | dar |
Tajik reading? | dar |
Noun
editDari | دَروازهَ |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | در |
Tajik | дар |
در • (dar) (plural درها (dar-hâ))
- door
- در باز شد. ― dar bâz šod. ― The door opened.
- lid
- در تابه ― dar-e tâbe ― frying pan lid
- (dated) court
- (dated) topic, subject
- (dated) chapter
Usage notes
edit- The usage of در as "door" or "lid", while still understood, has become uncommon in Dari.
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editBorrowed from Arabic دُرّ (durr).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [duɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪oɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪uɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dur |
Dari reading? | dur |
Iranian reading? | dor |
Tajik reading? | dur |
Noun
editدر • (dorr)
Etymology 4
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [daɾɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æɹ(ː)]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äɾ(ː)]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | darr |
Dari reading? | darr |
Iranian reading? | darr |
Tajik reading? | darr |
Verb
editدر • (dar)
Etymology 5
editPronunciation
editVerb
editدر • (der)
- (dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of دیشتن
- حالا کم کم میبینُم کار دِرَه بالا میگیرِه.
- hâlâ kam kam mi-binom kâr dera bâlâ mi-gire.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
References
edit- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 161
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 500
Further reading
edit- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “در”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “در”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Urdu
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian در (dar). Doublet of دوار (dvār).
Noun
editدَر • (dar) m (Hindi spelling दर) (poetic)
Related terms
editUshojo
editEtymology 1
editPreposition
editدر (dar)
Adverb
editدر (dar)
Etymology 2
editFrom Classical Persian در (dar).
Noun
editدر (dar)
- Arabic terms belonging to the root د ر ر
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel i
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel u
- Arabic verbs with impersonal passive
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic collective nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective
- Arabic nouns with triptote singulative in -a
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine paucal
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken paucal
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish prepositions
- Ottoman Turkish non-lemma forms
- Ottoman Turkish verb forms
- Ottoman Turkish phrases
- Pashto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto pronouns
- Persian terms inherited from Classical Persian
- Persian terms derived from Classical Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Persian/ar
- Rhymes:Persian/ar/1 syllable
- Visual dictionary
- Persian lemmas
- Persian prepositions
- Persian terms with collocations
- Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰwer-
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian nouns
- Persian dated terms
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian non-lemma forms
- Persian verb forms
- Persian dialectal terms
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu doublets
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- Urdu poetic terms
- Ushojo lemmas
- Ushojo prepositions
- Ushojo adverbs
- Ushojo terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Ushojo terms derived from Classical Persian
- Ushojo nouns