κρύος
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editUncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”) and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes, the word could alternatively derive from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”) based on the derivative κρυμός (krumós, “frost”) (though this theory is semantically less convincing). For the former case, compare Tocharian B kuraś, krośce (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”); for the latter, compare Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”). See also κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) (which Beekes considers Pre-Greek).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krý.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkri.os/
Noun
editκρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei |
τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ους toû krúous |
τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn |
τῶν κρῠῶν tôn kruôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ει tôi krúei |
τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn |
τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ / κρῠ́εσῐν toîs krúesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei |
τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ος krúos |
κρῠ́ει krúei |
κρῠ́η krúē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ κρῠ́ος ho krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō |
οἱ κρῠ́οι hoi krúoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ου toû krúou |
τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin |
τῶν κρῠ́ων tôn krúōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ῳ tôi krúōi |
τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin |
τοῖς κρῠ́οις toîs krúois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν κρῠ́ον tòn krúon |
τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō |
τοὺς κρῠ́ους toùs krúous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ε krúe |
κρῠ́ω krúō |
κρῠ́οι krúoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρύος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 786
References
edit- “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κρύος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κρύος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κρύος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- “κρύος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos).
Compare Mariupol Greek кри́ю (kríju).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editκρύος • (krýos) m (feminine κρύα, neuter κρύο)
Declension
editnumber case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | κρύος • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
genitive | κρύου • | κρύας • | κρύου • | κρύων • | κρύων • | κρύων • |
accusative | κρύο • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύους • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
vocative | κρύε • | κρύα • | κρύο • | κρύοι • | κρύες • | κρύα • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος, etc.) |
Coordinate terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- κρύος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
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