French
Etymology
From Middle French tirer (“to draw, draw a sword”), from Old French tirer (“to draw, pull out with great effort, snatch violently, tear away”), from Medieval Latin, from Vulgar Latin *tīrō, tīrāre, of uncertain origin, but probably Germanic; possibly from Gothic *𐍄𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tiran, “to tear away, remove”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, tear apart”). Compare Italian tirare, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Catalan, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Portuguese, and (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Spanish tirar. If derived from the Germanic word, cognate with Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (distairan, “to tear apart”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (gatairan, “to tear down, remove”), German zerren (“to tug”). Related to tear. Alternatively from a reduction of Old French martirier, from Late Latin *martyrāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ti.ʁe/
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter)audio: (file)
Verb
tirer
Conjugation
infinitive | simple | tirer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | tirant /ti.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | tiré /ti.ʁe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tire /tiʁ/ |
tires /tiʁ/ |
tire /tiʁ/ |
tirons /ti.ʁɔ̃/ |
tirez /ti.ʁe/ |
tirent /tiʁ/ |
imperfect | tirais /ti.ʁɛ/ |
tirais /ti.ʁɛ/ |
tirait /ti.ʁɛ/ |
tirions /ti.ʁjɔ̃/ |
tiriez /ti.ʁje/ |
tiraient /ti.ʁɛ/ | |
past historic2 | tirai /ti.ʁe/ |
tiras /ti.ʁa/ |
tira /ti.ʁa/ |
tirâmes /ti.ʁam/ |
tirâtes /ti.ʁat/ |
tirèrent /ti.ʁɛʁ/ | |
future | tirerai /ti.ʁə.ʁe/ |
tireras /ti.ʁə.ʁa/ |
tirera /ti.ʁə.ʁa/ |
tirerons /ti.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
tirerez /ti.ʁə.ʁe/ |
tireront /ti.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | tirerais /ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
tirerais /ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
tirerait /ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
tirerions /ti.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
tireriez /ti.ʁə.ʁje/ |
tireraient /ti.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tire /tiʁ/ |
tires /tiʁ/ |
tire /tiʁ/ |
tirions /ti.ʁjɔ̃/ |
tiriez /ti.ʁje/ |
tirent /tiʁ/ |
imperfect2 | tirasse /ti.ʁas/ |
tirasses /ti.ʁas/ |
tirât /ti.ʁa/ |
tirassions /ti.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
tirassiez /ti.ʁa.sje/ |
tirassent /ti.ʁas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | tire /tiʁ/ |
— | tirons /ti.ʁɔ̃/ |
tirez /ti.ʁe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “tirer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Gallo
Etymology
From Old French tirer (“draw, pull”). Compare meaning in French traire (“to milk”), itself from Old French traire (“to draw, pull”).
Verb
tirer
- (transitive, agriculture) to milk (cows)
Latin
Verb
(deprecated template usage) tirer
Middle French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French tirer (“to draw, pull out with great effort, snatch violently, tear away”), from Medieval Latin, from Vulgar Latin *tirō, tirāre, of uncertain origin; possibly from Gothic *𐍄𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tiran, “to tear away, remove”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *derə- (“to tear, tear apart”).
Verb
tirer
- to pull
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | tirer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | tirant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | tiré | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tire | tires | tire | tirons | tirez | tirent |
imperfect | tirois, tiroys | tirois, tiroys | tiroit, tiroyt | tirions, tiryons | tiriez, tiryez | tiroient, tiroyent | |
past historic | tira | tiras | tira | tirasmes | tirastes | tirerent | |
future | tirerai, tireray | tireras | tirera | tirerons | tirerez | tireront | |
conditional | tirerois, tireroys | tirerois, tireroys | tireroit, tireroyt | tirerions, tireryons | tireriez, tireryez | tireroient, tireroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tire | tires | tire | tirons | tirez | tirent |
imperfect | tirasse | tirasses | tirast | tirassions | tirassiez | tirassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | tire | — | tirons | tirez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants
- French: tirer
Old French
Etymology
From Medieval Latin, from Vulgar Latin *tirō, tirāre, of uncertain origin, probably Germanic; possibly from Gothic *𐍄𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tiran, “to tear away, remove”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear, tear apart”), from Proto-Indo-European *derə- (“to tear, tear apart”).
Verb
tirer
- to pull
- circa 1210, Henri de Valenciennes, Histoire de l'empereur Henri de Constantinople
- Ne onkes li Ascres ne tira ses regnes duskes a tant k'il vint a Niké le Grant
- circa 1210, Henri de Valenciennes, Histoire de l'empereur Henri de Constantinople
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | tirer | avoir tiré | |||||
gerund | en tirant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | tirant | ||||||
past participle | tiré | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | tir | tires | tire | tirons | tirez | tirent |
imperfect | tiroie, tireie, tiroe, tireve | tiroies, tireies, tiroes, tireves | tiroit, tireit, tirot, tireve | tiriiens, tiriens | tiriiez, tiriez | tiroient, tireient, tiroent, tirevent | |
preterite | tirai | tiras | tira | tirames | tirastes | tirerent | |
future | tirerai | tireras | tirera | tirerons | tireroiz, tirereiz, tirerez | tireront | |
conditional | tireroie, tirereie | tireroies, tirereies | tireroit, tirereit | tireriiens, tireriens | tireriiez, tireriez | tireroient, tirereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | tir | tirs | tirt | tirons | tirez | tirent |
imperfect | tirasse | tirasses | tirast | tirissons, tirissiens | tirissoiz, tirissez, tirissiez | tirassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | tire | — | tirons | tirez | — |
Descendants
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Medieval Latin
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Germanic languages
- French terms derived from Gothic
- French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from Late Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- Gallo terms inherited from Old French
- Gallo terms derived from Old French
- Gallo lemmas
- Gallo verbs
- Gallo transitive verbs
- roa-gal:Agriculture
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin verb forms
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Medieval Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Middle French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Gothic
- Middle French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French first group verbs
- Old French terms inherited from Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Germanic languages
- Old French terms derived from Gothic
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er