czy
Old Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *či. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editczy
- introduces a clarifying question
- 1884 [c. 1455-1460], “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, pages 42, 1:
- Mogaly ya w them domv szyedzecz... do tego czasv, *yagoszem gy nayal, czy czo gest prawo?
- [Mogęli ja w tem domu siedze[ć]nie mieć do tego czasu, jakożem ji najął, czy co jest prawo?]
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “czy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “czy”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “czy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “czy”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish czy.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editczy
- interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question, often omitted; whether
Descendants
edit- → Esperanto: ĉu
Conjunction
editczy
- if, whether
- Próbował się zdecydować, czy pójdzie. ― He was trying to make up his mind if he'd go or not.
- or (in questions)
- To w końcu poszedłeś czy nie? ― Did you end up going or not?
- or (suggesting that the speaker is not sure)
- and
- Jamnik, berneńczyk czy labrador to jedne z najbardziej znanych ras psów. ― The dachshund, Bernese, as well as the Labrador are some of the most famous dog breeds.
Trivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), czy is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 157 times in scientific texts, 39 times in news, 249 times in essays, 220 times in fiction, and 454 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1119 times, making it the 37th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
editFurther reading
edit- czy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- czy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “czy”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “CZY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 07.05.2010
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “czy”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “czy”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “czy”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 410
Silesian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish czy.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editczy
Further reading
edit- czy in silling.org
Categories:
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish particles
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘ
- Rhymes:Polish/ɘ/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish particles
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish conjunctions
- Polish interrogative particles
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɪ
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɪ/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian conjunctions