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{{also|ægis|AEGIS}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2018|September|6}}
 
===Etymology===
[[File:Athena mosaic Pio-Clementino.jpg|thumb|A [[tondo]] with a [[Roman#Adjective|Roman]] [[mosaic]] from the 3rd century {{C.E.|dots=on}} depicting [[Minerva]] and her aegis ''(sense 1)'', in the [[pavement]] of the Sala a Croce Greca in the {{w|Vatican Museums}}, [[Vatican City]]]]
 
Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|aegis}}, from {{der|en|grc|αἰγίς||goatskin; shield of Athena}}, probably from {{m|grc|αἴξ||goat}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂eyǵ-||goat}}.
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===Pronunciation===
* {{a|RP|GA}} {{IPA|en|/ˈiːd͡ʒɪs/|a=RP,GA}}
* {{audio|en|En-uk-aegis.ogg|Audio (a=RP)}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːdʒɪs|s=2}}
* {{hyphenation|en|ae|gis}}
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# {{lb|en|Greek mythology|Roman mythology}} A [[mythological]] [[shield#Noun|shield]] associated with the [[Greek]] [[deity|deities]] [[Zeus]] and [[Athena]] (and their [[Roman]] [[counterpart]]s [[Jupiter]] and [[Minerva]]) shown as a short [[cloak#Noun|cloak]] made of [[goatskin]] worn on the [[shoulder#Noun|shoulders]], more as an [[emblem]] of [[power#Noun|power]] and [[protection]] than a [[military]] shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a [[border#Noun|border]] of [[snake#Noun|snakes]] and with the head of [[Medusa]] in the center. {{defdate|from early 17th c.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|chapter=AEGIS|title=Bell’s New Pantheon; or, Historical Dictionary of the Gods, Demi-gods, Heroes, and Fabulous Personages of Antiquity: [...] In Two Volumes|location=London|publisher=Printed by and for [[w:John Bell (publisher)|J[ohn] Bell]],{{nb...|bookseller to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, at the British Library, Strand.}}|year=1790|volume=I|page=20|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3RPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20|column=1|oclc=976883484|passage=The goat [[Amalthea]], which had suckled [[Jove]], being dead, that god is said to have covered his buckler with the skin thereof, whence the appellation '''Aegis''', from {{lang|grc|αιξ}}, {{lang|grc|αιγις}}, a she-goat. [[Jupiter]] afterwards restoring the goat to life, covered it with a new skin, and placed it among the stars. This buckler, which was the work of [[Vulcan]], he gave to Minerva, who having killed the Gorgon Medusa, nailed her head to the middle of the '''Aegis''', which henceforth possessed the faculty of converting to stone all who beheld it, as Medusa herself had while alive.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=James Millingen|authorlink=w:James Millingen|title=Painted Greek Vases, from Collections in Various Countries:{{nb...|Principally in Great Britain, Illustrated and Explained}}|series=Ancient Unedited Monuments|seriesvolume=series 1|location=London|publisher=[s.n.]|year=1822|page=3|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gtJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA3|oclc=58892108|passage={{w|Herodotus}}, as proof of this origin of Minerva, says, that the Greeks had taken from the Libyan women, the dress and the '''ægis''' with which her statues were represented: this dress was of leather: the '''ægis''', as its name implies, was simply a goatskin died red and worn over the shoulders like a mantle: the extremity of it was cut into shreds or tassels, which the lively fancy of the Grecian artists converted into serpents.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=F. M. Hubbard|quotee={{w|:Herodotus}}|title=Article III. An Inquiry into the Commerce of Ancient Egypt.|editor=[[w:Bela Bates Edwards|B[ela] B[ates] Edwards]]|journal=The American Biblical Repository|location=New York, N.Y.: Gould & Newman, publishers and printers; Boston, Mass.: Perkins & Marvin and {{w|Crocker & Brewster}}; Cincinnati, Oh.: Truman & Smith|year=1837|volume=X|issue=27|page=49|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5I3AAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA49|oclc=472043802|passage=The robe and '''''aegides''''' of the statues of Minerva the Greeks have made in imitation of the Lybians, for except that the robe among the Lybians is of leather and the fringes of the '''''aegis''''' are not serpents but strips of leather, the adorning is entirely the same. And the very name is an acknowledgement that the vesture of the palladium is derived from Lybia, for the Lybian women put around the robe their goat skins tasselled and stained with madder ({{lang|grc|ἐρευθεδάνω}}) and from these goat skins, ({{lang|grc|ἐχ δὲ τῶν αἰγἑων τουτἑων}}) the Greeks have taken the word '''aegis'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[Eliza Robbins]|chapter=Minerva|title=Elements of Mythology; or, Classical Fables of the Greeks and Romans:{{nb...|To which are Added, Some Notices of Syrian, Hindu, and Scandinavian Superstitions, together with Those of the American Nations: The Whole Comparing Polytheism with True Religion. For the Use of Schools.}}|edition=11th improved|location=Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=Published and for sale by Hogan & Thompson{{nb...|30 North Fourth Street}}|year=1849|page=57|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GpRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57|oclc=10952348|passage=In her right hand Minerva bore a beaming lance, and in her left a buckler, called the '''Egis'''. The '''Egis''' of Minerva had embossed upon it the head of Medusa.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Theodor Haecker|authorlink=Theodor Haecker|author2tlr=[[w:Arthur Wheen|A[rthur] W[esley] Wheen]], transl.|chapter=Leader and Mission|title={{w|Virgil}}, Father of the West|series=Essays in Order|seriesvolume=no. 14|location=London|publisher=[[w:Sheed and Ward|Sheed & Ward]]|month=November|year=1934|page=65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0AOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA65|oclc=270557474|passage=Cattle grazed where now is the Forum Romanum, and the Capitol, now glittering with gold, was covered then with brambles; nevertheless a god already dwelt there, even Jupiter himself, whose right hand had oft been seen to shake the '''aegis''' and summon the storm-clouds.}}
# {{lb|en|figuratively}} ''Usually as'' '''under the aegis''': [[guidance]], [[protection]]; [[endorsement]], [[sponsorship]].
#: {{syn|en|auspices|protection|patronage}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=National Safety (II): The Real Obstacle to Military Reform|magazine=[[w:The Nineteenth Century (periodical)|The Nineteenth Century and After: A Monthly Review Founded by James Knowles]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Leonard Scott Publication Co.; London: [[w:Eyre & Spottiswoode|Spottiswoode & Co. Ltd.]], printers|month=March|year=1913|volume=LXXIII|issue=CCCCXXXIII|page=490|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=895LAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA490|oclc=776577785|passage=[T]hree ex-Secretaries of State for War had learnt their military theory under the '''ægis''' of Regular soldiers. Now it is an admitted fact that, broad-minded and enterprising as soldiers have frequently proved themselves in matters unconnected with the actual corporate body to which they belong, they are, nevertheless, perhaps the most obstinate and optimistic advocates of a ''laissez-faire'' policy, which the interests of their own profession are at issue, that it is at all possible to conceive.}}
#* {{quote-bookjournal|en|authoryear=Nancy1950|month=October|title=S.R. NicholsDiesel-Mechanical BarkerShunter|authorlinkjournal=Railway Magazine|page=688|text=The original designs were drawn up under the '''aegis''' of Mr. O. V. S. Bulleid, then Chief Mechanical Engineer.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Nancy Nichols Barker|chapter=|title=Distaff Diplomacy: The Empress Eugénie and the Foreign Policy of the Second Empire|location=Austin, Tx.; London|publisher={{w|:University of Texas Press}}|year=1967|page=141|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6ZlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA141|oclc=820726483|passage=Under the '''aegis''' of France a group of buffer states would be born. Austria would cede Venetia to Italy and receive Silesia from Prussia. France had only to promise Austria her neutrality and to keep Italy on its leash.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=July 3, 2002|author=Mark Morford|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2002/07/03/notes070302.DTL&nl=fix|title=Girl With The Toaster Tattoo|work=San Francisco Chronicle|passage=It is a reminder. It is a psychological '''aegis''', a soul-slap, a permanent piece of tangible everpresent everprofound artwork meant to speak to the wearer and say things like: You don't always have to make toast.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick|authorlink=w:Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick|chapter=Epistemology of the Closet|editors={{w|:Daniel Boyarin}},; Daniel Itzkovitz,; and {{w|:Ann Pellegrini}}|title=Queer Theory and the Jewish Question|series=Between Men—Between Women|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher={{w|:Columbia University Press}}|year=2003|page=57|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XkzdlMKTcgC&pg=PA57|isbn=978-0-231-11374-8|passage=The Supreme Court in ''{{w|Bowers v. Hardwick}}'' notoriously left the individual states free to prohibit any ''acts'' they wish to define as "sodomy," by whomsoever performed, with no fear at all of impinging on any rights, and particularly privacy rights, safeguarded by the Constiution; yet only shortly thereafter a panel of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rules (in ''[[w:Perry Watkins|Sergeant Perry J. Watkins v. United States Army]]'') that homosexual ''persons'', as a particular kind of person, ''are'' entitled to Constitutional protections under the Equal Protection clause. To be gay in this system is to come under the radically overlapping '''aegises''' of a universalizing discourse of acts and a minoritizing discourse of persons.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2007/12/for-obama-campaign-a-hobsons-choice/51206/|title=For Obama Campaign, a Hobson's Choice|work=The Atlantic|date=2007-12-07|author=Marc Ambinder|passage=Democratic presidential candidates go out of their way to avoid offending organized labor. All campaign materials are printed under union '''aegis'''.}}
 
====Alternative forms====
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* Armenian: {{t-needed|hy}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|Егида}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|ègida|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|神盾|tr=shéndùn}}, {{t+|cmn|宙斯盾|tr=zhoùsīdùn}}, {{t+|cmn|埃癸斯|tr=āiguǐsī}}
* French: {{t+|fr|égide|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ეგიდა}}
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* Hungarian: {{t|hu|aigisz}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|egida|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|егида|f}}
* Occitan: {{t|oc|egida|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|egida|f}}
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* Spanish: {{t+|es|égida|f}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|egida}}, {{t|sw|egisi}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|егіда|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}
 
Line 64 ⟶ 68:
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|besë}}, {{t+|sq|ndore}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|закрила}}, {{t+|bg|покровителство}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|ègida|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|保護|tr=bou2 wu6}}
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* German: {{t+|de|Ägide|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|αιγίδα|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|égisz}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|egida}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|закрила|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|egida}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|эги́да|f}}, {{t+|ru|руководство|n}}, {{t+|ru|патронаж|m}}
* Sicilian: {{t|scn|èggida|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|égida|f}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|егіда|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}
 
{{trans-top-also|endorsement, sponsorship|endorsement|sponsorship}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|покровителство|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}
 
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===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aegis|Saige}}
 
----
 
==Latin==
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##* {{rfquotek|la|Virgil}}<!-- Aeneid -->
##* {{rfquotek|la|Horace}}<!-- Odes -->
##* {{Q|la|Ovid|Fasti|3|847-|thru=848|quote=[...] Pallās, prō ducibus nostrīs '''aegida''' semper habē.|trans=''[...] Pallas, always hold your '''aegis''' before our leaders.''<br/>(‘‘Pallas’’ was an [[epithet]] for the Greek goddess {{w|Athena}}, [[syncretized]] with the Roman goddess {{w|Minerva}}.}}
# {{lb|la|transferred senses}}:
## a {{l|en|shield}}, a {{l|en|defence}}; {{l|en|protection}}
### {{lb|la|in the writings of|_|Ovid}} the {{l|en|jewelry}} by which {{l|en|maiden|maidens}} try to {{l|en|conceal}} their {{l|en|ugliness}}
###*: {{rfquotek|la|Ovid}}<!-- Remedia Amoris -->
## {{l|en|heartwood}} {{l|en|larch}}
##* {{rfquotek|la|Pliny the Elder}}<!-- Naturalis Historia -->
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====Derived terms====
* {{l|la|aegisonus}}
 
====Related terms====
{{col-top|4}}
* {{l|la|Aegae}}
* {{l|la|aeger}}
* {{l|la|aegrē}}
* {{l|la|aegreō}}
* {{l|la|aegrescō}}
* {{l|la|aegrimōnia}}
* {{l|la|aegritūdō}}
* {{l|la|aegror}}
* {{l|la|aegrōtāticus}}
* {{l|la|aegrōtātiō}}
* {{l|la|aegrōtō}}
* {{l|la|aegrōtus}}
{{col-bottom}}
 
====Descendants====
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* {{desc|en|aegis}}
* {{desc|fr|égide}}
* {{desc|de|Ägis|bor1=1}}, {{desctree|de|Ägide|Ägisbor1=1|nolb=1}}
* {{desc|it|egida}}
* {{desc|pl|egida|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|égide}}
* {{desc|ro|egidă}}
* {{desc|ru|эги́да}}
* {{desc|scn|èggida}}
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* {{R:OLD|1|aegis|63/1}}
 
[[Category:{{C|la:|Greek mythology]]|Jewelry|Roman mythology|Woods}}
[[Category:la:Jewelry]]
[[Category:la:Roman mythology]]
[[Category:la:Woods]]