由
Translingual
Han character
由 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田 (LW), four-corner 50600, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 757, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21724
- Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2524, character 2
- Unihan data for U+7531
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
由 |
---|
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 由 |
---|
Western Zhou |
Bronze inscriptions |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
紬 | *l'ɯw |
怞 | *l'ɯw |
鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
菗 | *rlɯw |
宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
由 | *lɯw |
蚰 | *lɯw |
秞 | *lɯw |
邮 | *lɯw |
釉 | *lɯwɢs |
柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to 遊?”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jau4 / zaat6-2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù
- Northern Min (KCR): iǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): iù
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
- Wade–Giles: yu2
- Yale: yóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau4 / zaat6-2
- Yale: yàuh / jáat
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau4 / dzaat9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo4 / zad6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯²¹/, /t͡saːt̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
- Hakka Romanization System: iuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
- Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 由 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /iou³⁵/ |
Harbin | /iou²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /iou⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /iou⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /iou⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /iou⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /iou²⁴/ | |
Xining | /iɯ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /iəu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /iou⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /iɤu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /iəu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /iəu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /iəu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /iəɯ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /iɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /iəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /iəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /iəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiɤ²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiɤ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦiø²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /jau³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /iu⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /iu⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /iəu¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /iəɯ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /i⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu²¹/ |
Nanning | /jɐu²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jɐu²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iu³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ieu⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iu²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /iu⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ziu³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: yuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l[u]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*lɯw/
Definitions
References
- (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) →ISBN.
- (Min Nan) “Entry #1856”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
由
Readings
- Go-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ゆい (yui, Jōyō †)
- Kun: よし (yoshi, 由, Jōyō)、よる (yoru, 由る)、より (yori, 由り)
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
由 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 由 (do, dô, ro, sân)
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.
Categories:
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