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Ultralight aviation: Difference between revisions

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|India||&mdash;||2||450&nbsp;kg without parachute||&mdash;||current permit to fly<ref name="IndianUL">{{cite web|url = http://microlight.in/index_files/faqs.html|title = Microlight/ultralight FAQs|access-date =17 July 2008|last = Microlight Aviation|year = 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150105093421/http://microlight.in/index_files/faqs.html|archive-date =5 January 2015}}</ref>||&mdash;
|-
|Italy||ultraleggero||1&mdashndash;2||Max Take Off Weight MTOW
2 persons, 472.5&nbsp;kg (450&nbsp;kg without parachute)
 
Hydroplanes, 500 kg
Kg 500 Hydroplanes
 
Single Kg., 300; kg
 
Hydroplane single Kg., 330 kg
 
Stall speed 65&nbsp;km/h.
||Daylight, minimum of {{convert|500|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}.
||certificate exam, insurance and a medical examination.<ref name="Leggi e Regolamenti">{{cite web|url = http://www.ulm.it/info/leggi/leggi.htm|access-date =2 March 2011|title=Laws and regulations on ultralight aviation in Italy |language=it |year = 2011}}</ref>||requires Requires a helmet only for open cockpit aircraft. Flying over populated areas and assemblies of people are prohibited.<ref name="DPR 133">{{cite web|url = http://www.ulm.it/info/leggi/dpr_133.pdf|access-date =2 March 2011|title=Presidential decree 9&nbsp;July&nbsp;2010, n.133 | language=it |year = 2011}}</ref>
|-
|Japan
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===Australia===
In Australia, ultralight aircraft and their pilots can either be registered with the Hang Gliding Federation of Australia (HGFA)<ref name="HGFA">{{cite web|url = http://www.hgfa.asn.au/HGFA/HGFA.htm|title = The HGFA |access-date =25 May 2008|last = Hang Gliding Federation of Australia|year = n.d.}}</ref> or [[Recreational Aviation Australia]] (RA Aus).<ref name="RAAus">{{cite web|url = http://www.auf.asn.au/admin/mission.html|title = About the RA-Aus association and our mission|access-date = 25 May 2008|last = Recreational Aviation Australia Inc|date = August 2007|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080519233742/http://www.auf.asn.au/admin/mission.html|archive-date = 19 May 2008}}</ref> In all cases, except for privately built single seat ultralight aeroplanes,<ref name="CASAUL">{{cite web|url = http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2013C00316/Html/Volume_4#_Toc358792547|title = PART 200 Aircraft to which CASR do not apply |access-date =25 May 2008|last = Legal Services Group Civil Aviation Safety Authority |date=July 2007}}</ref> microlight aircraft or trikes are regulated by the Civil Aviation Regulations.
 
===Canada===
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===United Kingdom===
 
Pilots of a powered, fixed wing aircraft or paramotors do not need a licence, provided its weight with a full fuel tank is not more than {{convert|75|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}, but they must obey the rules of the air.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmaa.org/information-library/pilot-licensing/learning-to-fly-in-sub-70-kg-aircraft|title=The British Microlight Aircraft Association, new page 3852|website=www.bmaa.org|access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref>
 
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The United States [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]]'s definition of an ultralight is significantly different from that in most other countries and can lead to some confusion when discussing the topic. The governing regulation in the [[United States]] is [[FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles]]. In 2004, the FAA introduced the "[[Light-sport aircraft]]" category, which resembles some other countries' microlight categories. Ultralight aviation is represented by the United States Ultralight Association ([[USUA]]), which acts as the US aeroclub representative to the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]].
 
== Types ==
There are several categories of aircraft which qualify as ultralights in some countries:
* [[Fixed-wing aircraft]]: traditional [[airplane]]-style designs.
* [[Ultralight trike|Weight-shift control trike]]: use a hang glider-style wing, below which is suspended a three-wheeled carriage which carries the engine and aviators. These aircraft are controlled by pushing against a horizontal control bar in roughly the same way as a hang glider pilot flies.
* [[Powered parachute]]: fuselage-mounted engines with parafoil wings, which are wheeled aircraft.
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* [[Hot air balloon]]: there are numerous ultralight hot air balloons in the US, and several more have been built and flown in France and Australia in recent years. Some ultralight hot air balloons are [[hopper balloon]]s, while others are regular hot air balloons that carry passengers in a basket.
 
=== Electric ===
 
Advancements in batteries, motors, and motor controllers has led to some practical production [[electric aircraft|electric propulsion systems]] for some ultralight applications. In many ways, ultralights are a good application for electric power as some models are capable of flying with low power, which allows longer duration flights on battery power.<ref name="AvWeb12Apr08">{{cite web|url = http://www.avweb.com/news/snf/SunNFun2008_Electraflyer_TrikeMotorglider_BatteryPower_197632-1.html|title = Electraflyer Flies Trike, Motorglider On Battery Power|access-date =13 April 2008|last = Grady|first = Mary |date=April 2008}}</ref>
 
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A significant obstacle to the adoption of electric propulsion for ultralights in the U.S. is the weight of the battery, which is considered part of the empty weight of the aircraft despite efforts to have it considered as fuel.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://experimenter.epubxp.com/i/108002-february-2013/20|title=Experimenter | date = February 2013|work=epubxp |access-date= 16 August 2015}}</ref> As battery [[energy density]] improves lighter batteries can be used.
 
== See also ==
 
* [[Aerosport (airshow)]]
* [[Backpack helicopter]]
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* [[Volksflugzeug]]
 
== References ==
 
{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
{{commons inline|Ultralight aircraft}}