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{{short description|Response to failed procreation}}
'''Reproductive loss''', sometimes '''reproductive disappointment''' or '''reproductive grief''', describes a potential emotional response to unsuccessful attempts at human reproduction or family-building. These experienced losses may include involuntary [[childlessness]] generally, [[pregnancy loss]] from all causes (including ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, and traumatic injury), [[perinatal death]], [[stillbirth]], [[infecundity]] and [[infertility]] from all causes (including voluntary, coerced or accidental sterilization, and post-menopausal infertility), failed attempts to conceive, failed fertility treatments, failed gestational surrogacy procedures, and losses related to all dimensions of the adoption process.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Earle |first1=Sarah |last2=Foley |first2=Pam |last3=Komaromy |first3=Carol |last4=Lloyd |first4=Cathy |date=January 2008 |title=Conceptualizing reproductive loss: A social sciences perspective |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14647270802298272 |journal=Human Fertility |language=en |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=259–262 |doi=10.1080/14647270802298272 |pmid=19085263 |s2cid=5899885 |issn=1464-7273}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Reproductive Loss? |url=https://kateyzeh.com/2020/01/31/what-is-reproductive-loss/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=kateyzeh.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Letherby |first=Gayle |date=2015-04-03 |title=Bathwater, babies and other losses: a personal and academic story |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13576275.2014.989494 |journal=Mortality |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=128–144 |doi=10.1080/13576275.2014.989494 |s2cid=145406517 |issn=1357-6275}}</ref> Responses to miscarriage, stillbirth, [[selective reduction]] and neonatal death are a subtype of reproductive loss called [[perinatal bereavement]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fenstermacher |first1=Kimberly |last2=Hupcey |first2=Judith E. |date=November 2013 |title=Perinatal bereavement: a principle-based concept analysis |journal=Journal of Advanced Nursing |language=en |volume=69 |issue=11 |pages=2389–2400 |doi=10.1111/jan.12119 |pmc=3675189 |pmid=23458030}}</ref>
Reproductive loss is categorized as a [[non-definite loss]] that elicits as unique grief response and can be prone to social [[grief disenfranchisement]].<ref>Nondeath Loss and the Web of Life (Book review: Counting Our Losses by Darcy L. Harris), Magda, LoriA. Death Studies, Jan2012; 36(1): 88-94. 7p. ISSN: 0748-1187.</ref> Responses to reproductive loss may be gender-specific.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=L. Serene |date=April 2001 |title=Hope Deferred: Theological Reflections on Reproductive Loss (Infertility, Stillbirth, Miscarriage) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0025.00158 |journal=Modern Theology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=227–245 |doi=10.1111/1468-0025.00158 |issn=0266-7177}}</ref> However, per the ''Journal of Social Philosophy'', processing these experiences is complicated by the lack of "settled cultural—or philosophical—understanding of what exactly is bad or grief-worthy about the death of an embryo/fetus or the failure of a pregnancy to produce a surviving child."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roth |first=Amanda |date=June 2018 |title=Experience as Evidence: Pregnancy Loss, Pragmatism, and Fetal Status: Experience as Evidence |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/josp.12234 |journal=Journal of Social Philosophy |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=270–293 |doi=10.1111/josp.12234|s2cid=150131245 }}</ref> Perinatal losses have been described as uniquely ambiguous in that they are "loss of a future with a family member who has not yet been integrated into family life yet maintains a psychological presence within the family system."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shannon |first1=Ellen |last2=Wilkinson |first2=Brett D. |date=2020-04-01 |title=The Ambiguity of Perinatal Loss: A Dual-Process Approach to Grief Counseling |url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/jmhc/article/42/2/140/435151/The-Ambiguity-of-Perinatal-Loss-A-DualProcess |journal=Journal of Mental Health Counseling |language=en |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=140–154 |doi=10.17744/mehc.42.2.04 |s2cid=218944608 |issn=1040-2861}}</ref> The ambiguity of the reproductive loss may be central to its experience of the bereaved; [[Maureen Corrigan]] called stillbirth a "nightmare that hasn't been quite categorized."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corrigan |first=Maureen |date=2008-12-18 |title=Maureen Corrigan's Best Books Of 2008 |url=https://www.npr.org/2008/12/17/98334820/maureen-corrigans-best-books-of-2008 |website=npr.org}}</ref>
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