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{{Short description|French lawyerpolitician, politicianlawyer and author (1928–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
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| office =
| term_start = 24 September 1995
| term_end = 2530 September 2011
| constituency = [[Hauts-de-Seine]]
| predecessor = [[Françoise Seligmann]]
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| order2 = President of the [[Constitutional Council (France)|Constitutional Council]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 194 FebruaryMarch 1986
| term_end2 = 4 March 1995
| appointer2 = [[François Mitterrand]]
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| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1928|03|30}}
| birth_place = [[Paris]], France
| death_date = 9{{death Februarydate and age|2024 (aged 95)|2|9|1928|03|30|df=yes}}
| death_place = Paris, France<ref name="Monde-mort"/>
| spouse = [[Élisabeth Badinter]]
| party = [[FrenchSocialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
| relations =
| children = 3
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of Paris]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])<br />[[Columbia University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| occupation = Lawyer, professor, politician, activist
| profession =
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}}
 
'''Robert Badinter''' ({{IPA-|fr|ʁɔbɛʁ badɛ̃tɛʁ|lang}}; 30 March 1928 – 9 February 2024<ref>{{cite news |title=Décès de Robert Badinter |url=https://www.gouvernement.fr/actualite/deces-de-robert-badinter |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=Gouvernement.fr |date=9 February 2024 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210104550/https://www.gouvernement.fr/actualite/deces-de-robert-badinter |url-status=live}}</ref>) was a French lawyer, politician, and author who enacted the [[Capital punishment in France|abolition of the death penalty in France]] in 1981, while serving as Minister of Justice under [[François Mitterrand]]. He also served in high-level appointed positions with national and international bodies working for justice and the rule of law.
 
== Early life ==
Robert Badinter was born on 30 March 1928, in Paris to Simon Badinter and Charlotte Rosenberg.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=20ème anniversaire de l'abolition de la peine de mort en France: Robert Badinter, repères biographiques|trans-title=20th anniversary of the abolition of the death penalty in France: biography of Robert Badinter|url=https://www.senat.fr/evenement/archives/D22/badinter.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214510/https://www.senat.fr/evenement/archives/D22/badinter.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|access-date=2 December 2020|website=www.senat.fr|language=fr}}</ref> His [[Bessarabia]]n Jewish family had immigrated to France in 1921 to escape [[pogrom]]s. During World War II, after the Nazi occupation of Paris, his family sought refuge in Lyon. His father was captured in the 1943 [[Rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup]] and deported with other Jews to the [[Sobibor extermination camp]], where he was murdered shortly thereafter.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Ivry|first=Benjamin|date=1 July 2010|title=Robert Badinter, Defender of Life and Liberty|url=https://forward.com/schmooze/129144/robert-badinter-defender-of-life-and-liberty/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924223922/https://forward.com/schmooze/129144/robert-badinter-defender-of-life-and-liberty/|archive-date=24 September 2020|access-date=2 December 2020}}</ref>
 
Badinter graduated in law from [[Paris Law Faculty]] of the [[University of Paris]]. He then went to the United States to continue his studies at [[Columbia University]] in New York City, where he got his [[Master of Arts|MA]]. He continued his studies again at [[University of Paris|the Sorbonne]] until 1954.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://icomdp.org/comission/robert-badinter/|title=Robert Badinter – International Commission Against the Death Penalty|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202213010/https://icomdp.org/comission/robert-badinter/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1965, Badinter was appointed a professor at University of Sorbonne. He continued as an [[Emeritus]] professor until 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/personne-robert-badinter.html|title=Robert Badinter : biographie, actualités et émissions France Culture|website=France Culture|access-date=15 October 2019|archive-date=15 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015081532/https://www.franceculture.fr/personne-robert-badinter.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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===The Bontems case===
Badinter's activism against the death penalty began after Roger Bontems's execution on 28 November 1972. Along with [[Claude Buffet]], Bontems had taken a prison guard and a nurse hostage during the [[Clairvaux Prison#1971 revolt|1971 revolt in Clairvaux Prison]]. While the police were storming the building, Buffet slit the hostages' throats. The jury sentenced both men to death. Badinter served as defense counsel for Bontems and was outraged by the sentence. After witnessing the executions, Badinter dedicated himself to the abolition of the death penalty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-09 |title=Robert Badinter, the lawyer who fought to end the death penalty in France |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20211009-robert-badinter-the-lawyer-who-fought-to-end-the-death-penalty-in-france |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130180925/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20211009-robert-badinter-the-lawyer-who-fought-to-end-the-death-penalty-in-france |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
===Death penalty===
In this context, he agreed to defend [[Patrick Henry (French murderer)|Patrick Henry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-10-10 |title=Paying the life penalty |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/oct/10/worlddispatch.france |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130180947/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/oct/10/worlddispatch.france |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 1976, eight-year-old PhilipePhilippe Bertrand was kidnapped. Henry was soon picked up as a suspect, but released because of a lack of evidence. He gave interviews on television, saying that those who kidnapped and killed children deserved death. A few days later, he was arrested again and shown Bertrand's corpse hidden in a blanket under his bed. Badinter and Robert Bocquillon defended Henry, making the case not about Henry's guilt, but against applying the death penalty. Henry was sentenced to life imprisonment and paroleddied months after a [[compassionate release]] from prison in 2017 (after receiving parole in 2001, revoked in 2002).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devin |first=Willy Le |title=Patrick Henry, un prisonnier condamné pour l'éternité |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/12/03/patrick-henry-un-prisonnier-condamne-pour-l-eternite_1614221/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Libération |language=fr |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130180935/https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/12/03/patrick-henry-un-prisonnier-condamne-pour-l-eternite_1614221/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The lenient verdict came as a shock, with several publications having already called the outcome as a virtual certainty for execution; according to speculative sources, the critical vote on the death sentence failing by a seven-to-five vote majority.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1981-09-19 |title=Les six |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1981/09/19/les-six_2714985_1819218.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vimont |first=Jean-Claude |date=2014-02-20 |title=Un ado condamné à mort en 1975. L'affaire Bruno T. au milieu des années soixante-dix |url=https://journals.openedition.org/criminocorpus/2673 |journal=Criminocorpus. Revue d'Histoire de la justice, des crimes et des peines |language=fr |doi=10.4000/criminocorpus.2673 |issn=2108-6907|doi-access=free }}</ref> The case of [[Jerome Carrein]], condemned 15 days after Henry's sentence for the murder of a child, was widely dubbed the "revenge of the guillotine".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-01-21 |title=L'affaire Carrein ou «la revanche de la guillotine» |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/l-affaire-carrein-ou-la-revanche-de-la-guillotine-21-01-2018-7514370.php |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1977-06-24 |title=Guillotining of a Killer In France Denounced |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/24/archives/guillotining-of-a-killer-in-france-denounced.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Until the execution of [[Gary Gilmore]] in [[Utah]] on 17 January, three days before Henry's verdict, France was the only Western liberal democracy actively performing executions.
 
TheDespite deathpresident penalty[[Valéry wasGiscard stilld'Estaing]]'s appliedmodernist inoutlook Franceand onstated aopposition numberto ofthe occasionsguillotine, –a further three peopleexecutions weretook executedplace betweenduring 1976this andperiod, 1977of under[[Christian theRanucci]] presidencyin ofJuly 1976, Carrein in June 1977, and [[ValéryHamida Giscard d'EstaingDjandoubi]] in September 1977. Badinter took no part in arguing either case.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Willsher |first1=Kim |title=Valéry Giscard d'Estaing obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/03/valery-giscard-destaing-obituary |access-date=13 February 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=3 December 2020 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027172805/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/03/valery-giscard-destaing-obituary |url-status=live }}</ref><ref –name=WaPo/> butHowever, its63% useof becameFrench increasinglyvoters controversialsupported askeeping opinionthe turneddeath penalty at the againsttime it was abolished.<ref Crimesname=DPRU/> relatedIn to1980-81, allBadinter thedefended three[[Philippe executionsMaurice]], werewhose widelysentence condemnedof fordeath involvingwas coarseconfirmed brutality,by torture,the or[[Court sexualof assaultCassation against(France)|superior childrencourt]] orin womenMarch 1981, suggestingweeks that afterbefore the Buffet-Bontems[[French controversypresidential election, a1981|election higherof]] barabolitionist was[[François setMitterrand]] to [[President of France|President]].<ref name=DPRU>{{orcite web |publisher=Death Penalty Research Unit |title=The DPRU honours Robert Badinter (1928–2024) |url=https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/content/news/dpru-honours-robert-badinter-1928-2024 |author=Carolyn Hoyle |date=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite forweb the|last=BARRAUD sentence|first=Par andJeanne presidential|date=2024-02-09 pardon|title=Robert Badinter l'a sauvé, voici l'histoire du dernier condamné à mort français, devenu historien - Edition du soir Ouest-France - 09/02/2024 |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/leditiondusoir/2024-02-09/robert-badinter-l-a-sauve-voici-l-histoire-du-dernier-condamne-a-mort-francais-devenu-historien-c1eb6814-8bed-4f0b-aaff-5e6ecb94d7d3 After|access-date=2024-02-23 an|website=Ouest-France.fr almost|language=fr}}</ref> unanimouslyA approvedfurther appealeight tosentences of death were issued before the [[Courtbill of Cassationabolition was passed by the French parliament in September (Francethe last only two days before the Senate voted)|Court but none reached stage of Cassation]],execution and were converted by the finalabolition deathact.<ref>lemonde.fr/archives/article/1981/09/19/les-six_2714985_1819218.html</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://cewamale.free.fr/Geneami/condamnations.html | title=Condamnations à mort }}</ref> Maurice's sentence, againstafter [[Philippelobbying Maurice]]from Badinter, forwas murdercommuted ofby aMitterrand policeon officerMay 25, wasamong confirmedMitterrand's infirst Marchacts 1981,as weekspresident.<ref beforename=WaPo>{{cite thenews [[French|newspaper=The presidentialWashington election,Post 1981|electiontitle=France ofWill presidentRetire Mitterrand]]Its Guillotine and Abolish the Death Penalty |url=https://www.{{cnwashingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1981/09/18/france-will-retire-its-guillotine-and-abolish-the-death-penalty/3ab103aa-ebc0-40db-a311-a7525c704a4b/ |author=Edward Cody |date=February17 2024September 1981}}</ref>
 
===Ministerial mandate (1981–1986)===
In 1981, [[François Mitterrand]], a self-professed opponent of the death penalty, was elected president and Badinter was appointed as [[Minister of Justice (France)|Minister of Justice]]. Among his first actions was to introduce a bill to [[Political system of France|Parliament]] proposing the abolition of the death penalty for all crimes, both civilian and military. The bill was passed by the Senate after heated debate on 30 September 1981. On 9 October the law was officially enacted, ending capital punishment in France.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-16 |title=Fighting to end death penalty worldwide 40 years after its abolition in France |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20210916-fighting-to-end-death-penalty-worldwide-40-years-after-its-abolition-in-france |access-date=2023-01-30 |websitepublisher=[[Radio France Internationale|RFI]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130180930/https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20210916-fighting-to-end-death-penalty-worldwide-40-years-after-its-abolition-in-france |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
During his mandate, he also helped absolveabolish "''juridictions d'exception''{{-"}} ("special courts"), such as the Cour de Sûreté de l'État ("{{Ill|State Security Court (France)|lt=State Security Court|fr|Cour de sûreté de l'État (France)}}") and the military courts,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=9 January 1989 |title=EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS PRIZE |url=https://rm.coe.int/09000016807ab212 |access-date=11 February 2024 |websitepublisher=[[Council of Europe]] |page=9}}</ref> and improved the rights of victims of crime.<ref name=":4" />
 
He remained a minister until February 1986.<ref name=":6"/>
He remained a minister until February 1986.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rogoff |first=Martin A. |date=2008 |editor-last=Badinter |editor-first=Robert |title=For the Abolition of the Death Penalty in America: The Advocacy of Robert Badinter |journal=Human Rights Quarterly |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=772–796 |doi=10.1353/hrq.0.0023 |jstor=20072868 |s2cid=145617278 |issn=0275-0392}}</ref>
 
===1986–2024===
[[File:Robert Badinter, 2007 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Badinter in 2007]]
From March 1986 to March 1995, he was president of the [[French Constitutional Council]]. From 1995 to 2011, he served as a [[French Senate|senator]], representing the [[Hauts-de-Seine]] [[département]].<ref>[http://www.senat.fr/senateur/badinter_robert95006b.html Robert Badinter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326202650/http://www.senat.fr/senateur/badinter_robert95006b.html |date=26 March 2022 }}, senat.fr</ref>
 
In 1989, he participated in an edition of the [[France 2|Antenne 2]] talk show ''[[Apostrophes (talk show)|Apostrophes]]'' devoted to human rights, together with the [[Tenzin Gyatso|14th Dalai Lama]]. Discussing the disappearance of [[Tibetan culture]] from Tibet, Badinter used the term "[[cultural genocide]]".<ref>[http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice&from=fulltext&full=Salonique&num_notice=5&total_notices=8 Les droits de l'homme Apostrophes, A2 – 21 April 1989 – 01h25m56s] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081128154820/http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice |date=28 November 2008 }}, Web site of the [[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]]</ref> He praised the example of Tibetan nonviolent resistance.<ref>[http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/badinter-la-non-violence-tibetaine-est-exemplaire_471273.html Badinter: "La non- violence tibétaine est exemplaire"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205113456/http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/badinter-la-non-violence-tibetaine-est-exemplaire_471273.html |date=5 February 2011 }}, lexpress.fr; accessed 12 March 2017.</ref> Badinter met with the Dalai Lama many times, in particular in 1998 when he greeted him as the "Champion of Human Rights",<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tibet.fr/old/letter_december_98.htm|title=Letter December 98|website=www.tibet.fr|access-date=30 January 2009|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032753/http://www.tibet.fr/old/letter_december_98.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and again in 2008.<ref>[http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/speciales/les_jo_de_pekin_2008/20080813.OBS7234/le_dalai_lama_affirme_que_la_chine_ne_respecte_pas_la_t.html "Badinter and Dalai Lama"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822143622/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/speciales/les_jo_de_pekin_2008/20080813.OBS7234/le_dalai_lama_affirme_que_la_chine_ne_respecte_pas_la_t.html |date=22 August 2008 }}, ''Nouvel Observateur''; accessed 12 March 2017.</ref>
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In 1991, Badinter was appointed by the [[Council of Ministers of the European Community]] as a member of the [[Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia]]. He was elected as president of the commission by the four other members, all presidents of [[constitutional court]]s in the [[European Community]]. The Arbitration Commission has rendered eleven pieces of advice regarding "major legal questions" arising from the split of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].<ref>[https://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/badinter-bio.htm Curriculum vitae of Robert Badinter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420220212/https://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/badinter-bio.htm |date=20 April 2019 }}, un.org; accessed 12 March 2017.</ref>
 
Badinter was the first president of the {{ill|[[Court of Conciliation and Arbitration|fr|Cour de conciliation et d'arbitrage}}]] of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE) following its creation in 1995; he served in that position until 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.osce.org/node/450118 |title=Robert Badinter – First President of the Court (1995–2013) |publisher=OSCE |accessdate=2022-11-24 |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124150508/https://www.osce.org/node/450118 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Badinter opposed the [[accession of Turkey to the European Union]], on the grounds that Turkey might not be able to follow the rules of the Union. He was also concerned about the nation's location, saying: "We'll have, we Europeans, common borders with Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria. I am asking you: What justifies our common borders with these countries? What justifies that we'd get involved in the most dangerous areas of the world?"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleishman |first=Jeffrey |date=2004-12-16 |title=Turkey Is Knocking, but EU Is Hesitating |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-dec-16-fg-euroturk16-story.html |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506052345/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-dec-16-fg-euroturk16-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
As a head of the Arbitration Commission, he gained high respect among [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] and other ethnic groups in the [[Republic of Macedonia]] because he recommended "that the use of the name 'Macedonia' cannot therefore imply any territorial claim against another State". He supported full recognition of the republic in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol4/No1/art8-02.html|title=Recognition of States: Annex 3|date=15 February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050215223455/http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol4/No1/art8-02.html|archive-date=15 February 2005}}</ref> He was involved in drafting the so-called [[Ohrid Agreement]] in the Republic of Macedonia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Reka |first=Blerim |date=2014-01-01 |title=The Ohrid Peace Process: The Past, the Present, and the Future Perspective |journal=Comparative Southeast European Studies |language=en |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=19–33 |doi=10.1515/soeu-2014-620103 |issn=2701-8202}}</ref> This agreement was based on the principle that ethnic-related proposals passed by the national assembly (and later to be applied to actions of city councils and other local government bodies) should be supported by a [[double majority]] of both Macedonian and Albanian ethnic groups. This is often called the "Badinter principle".<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Navari |first=Cornelia |date=2014 |title=Territoriality, self-determination and Crimea after Badinter |journal=International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944–) |volume=90 |issue=6 |pages=1299–1318 |doi=10.1111/1468-2346.12171 |jstor=24538667 |issn=0020-5850}}</ref>
 
In 2009, Badinter expressed dismay at the Pope's lifting of the excommunication of controversial English Catholic bishop [[Richard Williamson (bishop)|Richard Williamson]], who had expressed [[Holocaust denial]] and was illegally [[consecrate]]d a bishop and.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20090202.OBS2742/eveque-negationniste-robert-badinter-s-indigne.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715121218/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/societe/20090202.OBS2742/eveque-negationniste-robert-badinter-s-indigne.html|url-status=dead|title=Evêque négationniste : Robert Badinter s'indigne|website=L'Obs|archive-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> The Pope reactivated the excommunication later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-20 |title=Scomunicato il vescovo negazionista monsignor Williamson |url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/scomunicato-vescovo-negazionista-monsignor-williamson-1107348.html |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=[[Il Giornale]] |language=it |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110013448/https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/scomunicato-vescovo-negazionista-monsignor-williamson-1107348.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Badinter was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Robert+Badinter&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-23|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423150436/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Robert+Badinter&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Badinter served as an Honorary Co-Chair for the [[World Justice Project]]. It works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the [[rule of law]] for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldjusticeproject.com/about/|title=About|access-date=23 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203064233/http://www.worldjusticeproject.com/about/|archive-date=3 February 2010}}</ref>
 
=== Case of Dominique Strauss-Kahn ===
At the start of the case of [[Dominique Strauss-Kahn]] in 2011, in which the IMF Managing Director was accused of rape and was arrested by the police in New York City, Robert Badinter reacted by saying to [[France Inter]] that he was outraged by the "media killing" and denounced the "failure of an entire system" inherent in the [[perp walk]] of Strauss-Kahn, a suspect, but also of the media judging an assumed culprit's guilt for charges that had not initiated a trial, and which were eventually dismissed.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/10/dominique-strauss-kahn-case-settled |title=Dominique Strauss-Kahn settles sexual assault case with hotel maid |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 December 2012 |access-date=12 May 2021 |archive-date=26 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126172216/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/10/dominique-strauss-kahn-case-settled |url-status=live |last1=Williams |first1=Matt }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-57114220110518 |title=Perp walk? Blame Giuliani |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=12 May 2021 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512105733/https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-57114220110518 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/88598/strauss-kahn-levy-daniel-badinter-imf |title=An Indefensible Defense |magazine=The New Republic |date=17 May 2011 |access-date=12 May 2021 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512121458/https://newrepublic.com/article/88598/strauss-kahn-levy-daniel-badinter-imf |url-status=live |last1=Rieff |first1=David }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=Sudeep |title=Strauss-Kahn Resigns From IMF |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703509104576331623409445148?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTTopStories |access-date=2024-02-23 |work=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> Strauss-Kahn had been a favoured Socialist candidate for the [[2012 French presidential election|presidential election]] the following April, but dropped all pretences of running after his arrest.
 
=== Awards ===▼
Badinter refused any honorary distinction from the National Order of the [[Legion of Honor]] (as did his wife) and the [[Ordre National du Mérite]]. He nevertheless received foreign decorations, notably the [[Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] (Czech Republic) in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrad.cz/cs/ceska-republika/statni-vyznamenani/rad-t.-g.-masaryka/seznam-vyznamenanych |title=Seznam vyznamenaných |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-date=9 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109022703/https://www.hrad.cz/cs/ceska-republika/statni-vyznamenani/rad-t.-g.-masaryka/seznam-vyznamenanych |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Order 8-September]] ([[North Macedonia]]) in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2013/12/06/macedonia-decorates-hungary-s-scandalous-prime-minister/ |title=Hungarian PM Gets Macedonia's Top Award |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430045250/https://balkaninsight.com/2013/12/06/macedonia-decorates-hungary-s-scandalous-prime-minister/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As a longstanding activist for the abolition of the death penalty, Robert Badinter was appointed an honorary member of the [[International Commission Against the Death Penalty]].<ref name=":2" />▼
 
==Personal life and death==
Badinter married philosopher and feminist writer [[Élisabeth Badinter|Élisabeth Bleustein-Blanchet]], daughter of [[Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet]], who was the founder of [[Publicis]], a multinational advertising and public relations company. He died in Paris during the night of 8 to 9 February 2024, at the age of 95.<ref>{{cite news |title=Décès de Robert Badinter |url=https://www.gouvernement.fr/actualite/deces-de-robert-badinter |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=Gouvernement.fr |date=9 February 2024 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210104550/https://www.gouvernement.fr/actualite/deces-de-robert-badinter |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Monde-mort">[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/02/09/robert-badinter-est-mort_6215627_3382.html Robert Badinter est mort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209113612/https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2024/02/09/robert-badinter-est-mort_6215627_3382.html |date=9 February 2024 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> President Macron later announced Badinter would be honored with burial in the [[Panthéon]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-14 |title=France pays tribute to Badinter, ex-justice minister who fought to abolish death penalty |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20240214-france-to-pay-tribute-to-badinter-french-ex-minister-who-fought-to-abolish-death-penalty |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-14 |title=France pays tribute to Badinter, minister who won fight to end death penalty |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20240214-france-pays-tribute-to-badinter-minister-who-won-fight-to-end-death-penalty |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=RFI |language=en}}</ref>
 
▲=== Awards ===
▲Badinter refused any honorary distinction from the National Order of the [[Legion of Honor]] (as did his wife) and the [[Ordre National du Mérite]]. He nevertheless received foreign decorations, notably the [[Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] (Czech Republic) in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrad.cz/cs/ceska-republika/statni-vyznamenani/rad-t.-g.-masaryka/seznam-vyznamenanych |title=Seznam vyznamenaných |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-date=9 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109022703/https://www.hrad.cz/cs/ceska-republika/statni-vyznamenani/rad-t.-g.-masaryka/seznam-vyznamenanych |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Order 8-September]] ([[North Macedonia]]) in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2013/12/06/macedonia-decorates-hungary-s-scandalous-prime-minister/ |title=Hungarian PM Gets Macedonia's Top Award |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430045250/https://balkaninsight.com/2013/12/06/macedonia-decorates-hungary-s-scandalous-prime-minister/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As a longstanding activist for the abolition of the death penalty, Robert Badinter was appointed an honorary member of the [[International Commission Against the Death Penalty]].<ref name=":2" /> He was awarded the International Abolition Award by [[Death Penalty Focus]] in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Delucco |first=Mary Kate |date=2024-02-09 |title="The death penalty must disappear from the entire world as it is a shame for humanity." |url=https://deathpenalty.org/the-death-penalty-must-disappear-from-the-entire-world-as-it-is-a-shame-for-humanity/ |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Death Penalty FOCUS |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
==Summary of political career==
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* ''Le rôle du juge dans la société moderne'' (2003)<ref name=":5" />
* ''Contre la peine de mort'' (2006)<ref name=":6" />
* ''Les épines et les roses'' (2011), on his failures and successes as Minister of Justice<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Nast |first=Condé |date=2024-02-09 |title=Robert Badinter: quand la droite fustigeait la nomination de «"l'avocat des assassins»" |url=https://www.vanityfair.fr/article/robert-badinter-quand-la-droite-fustigeait-la-nomination-de-lavocat-des-assassins |access-date=2024-02-12 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
 
==References==
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==External links==
* [http://www.senat.fr/senfic/badinter_robert95006b.html Official page of Robert Badinter in the French Senate]
* {{inIn lang|fr|cap=yes}} [http://www.senat.fr/senfic/badinter_robert95006b.html La page de Robert Badinter sur le site du Sénat]
* {{inIn lang|fr|cap=yes}} [http://archives.tsr.ch/search?q_doc-id=ecoles-peinemort ''Vidéo:'' Robert Badinter] en 1976, il motive son engagement contre la peine de mort, une archive de la [[Télévision suisse romande]]
* {{inIn lang|fr|cap=yes}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080414122616/http://www.uhb.fr/jsp/fiche_actualite.jsp?STNAV=&RUBNAV=&CODE=1207921682117&LANGUE=0&RH=PAGELIBRE ''UHB Rennes II''] : Autour de l'oeuvre de Robert Badinter: Éthique et justice. Synergie des savoirs et des compétences et perspectives d'application en psychocriminologie. "journées d'étude les 22 et 23 mai 2008 à l'université Rennes 2, sur le thème 'Autour de l'œuvre de Robert Badinter: Éthique et justice{{'"}}], uhb.fr; accessed 12 March 2017. {{in lang|fr}}
 
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[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century French Jews]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:French anti–death penalty activists]]
[[Category:20th-century French JewsLGBTQ rights activists]]
[[Category:French Ministers of Justicejustice of France]]
[[Category:French people of Moldovan-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:French senators of the Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Human Rights League (France) members]]
[[Category:FrenchMembers LGBTof rightsthe activistsAmerican Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Politicians from Paris]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1st class]]
[[Category:Senators of Hauts-de-Seine]]▼
[[Category:Socialist Party (France) politicians]]
[[Category:Tibet freedom activists]]
▲[[Category:Senators of Hauts-de-Seine]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:ColumbiaMembers Universityof alumnithe Constitutional Council (France)]]
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