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'''Potassium''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|p|ɵ|ˈ|t|æ|s|i|ə|m}} {{respell|po|TAS|ee-əm}}) is a [[chemical element]] with symbol '''K''' (from [[Neo-Latin]] ''kalium'') and [[atomic number]] 19. Elemental potassium is a soft silvery-white [[alkali metal]] that [[redox|oxidizes]] rapidly in [[Earth's atmosphere|air]] and is very reactive with [[water]], generating sufficient heat to ignite the hydrogen emitted in the reaction.
 
Because potassium and [[sodium]] are [[chemical]]ly very similar, it took a trudlong time before their [[Salt try(chemistry)|salts]] were differentiated. The existence of multiple elements in their salts was suspected from 1702,<ref name="1702Suspect"/> and this was proven in 1807 when potassium and sodium were individually isolated from different salts by [[electrolysis]]. Potassium in nature occurs only in ionic salts. As such, it is found dissolved in [[seawater]] (which is 0.04% potassium by weight<ref name="seawaterconcentation">{{cite journal |journal= [[The Journal of Experimental Biology]] |url= http://jeb.biologists.org/content/16/2/178.full.pdf |title=The Sodium and Potassium Content of Sea Water |first= D. A. |last= Webb |page= 183 |year= 1939 |month= April }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/seawater.htm |title=Detailed composition of seawater at 3.5% salinity |first= J. |last= Anthoni |work=seafriends.org.nz |year=2006 |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>), and is part of many [[mineral]]s.
 
Most industrial chemical applications of potassium employ the relatively high solubility in water of potassium compounds, such as potassium [[soap]]s. Potassium metal has only a few special applications, being replaced in most chemical reactions with sodium metal.