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{{For|the historic mansion on Long Island|Nassau Hall (Muttontown, New York)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| nrhp_type = nhl
| nrhp_type2
| nocat = yes
| partof = [[Princeton Historic District (Princeton, New Jersey)|Princeton Historic District]]
| partof_refnum = 75001143
| image = Cannon Green and Nassau Hall, Princeton University.jpg
| caption =
| location = [[Princeton, New Jersey]]
| coordinates = {{coord|40|20|55.46|N|74|39|33.66|W|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = USA New Jersey Mercer County#New Jersey#USA
| area =
| built = 1756
| architect = [[Robert Smith (architect)|Robert Smith]] (1756), [[Benjamin Latrobe]] (1804), [[John Notman]] (1855) | architecture = Renaissance
| designated_nrhp_type = October 9, 1960<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=328&ResourceType=Building|title=Nassau Hall|date=2008-06-23|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=2008-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225015135/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=328&ResourceType=Building|archive-date=2009-02-25|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| added = October 15, 1966▼
| refnum = 66000465<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2006a}}</ref>▼
▲| added = October 15, 1966
▲| refnum=66000465<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2006a}}</ref>
| designated_other1_link
▲ | designated_other1_abbr = NJRHP
▲ | designated_other1_link = New Jersey Register of Historic Places
▲ | designated_other1_date = May 27, 1971
▲ | designated_other1_number = 1739<ref name=NJRHP>{{cite web | title=New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places — Mercer County | url=http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/mercer.pdf | publisher=[[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]] — Historic Preservation Office | page=8 | date=April 5, 2013 | accessdate=June 4, 2013 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516134942/http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/mercer.pdf | archivedate=May 16, 2013 | df= }}</ref>
▲ | designated_other1_num_position = bottom
▲ | designated_other1_color = #ffc94b
}}
'''Nassau Hall''',
The university, originally known as the ''College of New Jersey'', held classes for one year in [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]] and nine years in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] before the hall was completed in 1756. Designed originally by [[Robert Smith (architect)|Robert Smith]], the building was subsequently remodeled by notable American architects [[Benjamin Latrobe]], after the 1802 fire, and [[John Notman]], after the 1855 fire. In the early years of Princeton University, Nassau Hall accommodated classrooms, a library, a chapel, and residential space for students and faculty. It housed the university's first [[Princeton University Department of Psychology|Department of Psychology]].
During the [[American Revolutionary War]] Nassau Hall was possessed by both British and American forces, and suffered considerable damage, especially during the [[Battle of Princeton]] on January 3, 1777. From June 30 to November 4, 1783, Princeton was the [[provisional capital]] of the United States and Nassau Hall served as its [[seat of government]]. The [[Congress of the Confederation]] met in the building's library on the second floor. According to Princeton University, "Here Congress congratulated George Washington on his successful termination of the war, received the news of the signing of the definitive treaty of peace with Great Britain, and welcomed the first foreign minister—from the Netherlands—accredited to the United States."<ref>[http://tigernet.princeton.edu/~ptoniana/nassauhall.asp Princetoniana: Nassau Hall] published on Princeton University's website and adapted from Leitch, Alexander. ''A Princeton Companion'' (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1978). Website accessed 15 January 2007.</ref>▼
▲During the [[American Revolutionary War]], Nassau Hall was possessed by both British and American forces
At present, Nassau Hall houses Princeton University's administrative offices, including that of the university's [[President of Princeton University|president]]. ''Old Nassau'' refers affectionately to the building and serves as a [[metonym]] for the university as a whole. The U.S. Department of the Interior designated Nassau Hall a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1960, "signifying its importance in the Revolutionary War and in the history of the United States."▼
▲At present, Nassau Hall houses Princeton University's administrative offices, including that of the
==Name==
When the building was constructed in 1754, the college's board wanted to name it after [[Jonathan Belcher]], the
== History ==
[[File:Aula Nassovica.jpg|left|thumb|A 1760 engraving of Nassau Hall.]]
[[File:Nassau Hall Museum (1886).png|thumb
The [[
▲[[File:Nassau Hall Museum (1886).png|thumb|left|The Faculty Room in 1886, when it served as home to the art and natural history collections]]
▲[[Image:NassauEntranceCloseup.JPG|thumb|200px|Nassau Hall entrance]]
The [[Congress of the Confederation]] convened in Nassau Hall for a little more than four months (from June 30, 1783, to November 4, 1783). The normal location in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] had to be vacated [[Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783|because of a mutiny]] by Continental Army soldiers. Starting in 1869, each graduation class adds a new sprig of ivy to grow up the walls of the building.<ref>{{cite news |title=Princeton Class Of '34 Adds Its Ivy Sprig For Nassau Hall |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1671753642.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+19,+1934&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=Princeton+Class+Of+%2734+Adds+Its+Ivy+Sprig+For+Nassau+Hall&pqatl=google |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131195720/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1671753642.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+19,+1934&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=Princeton+Class+Of+'34+Adds+Its+Ivy+Sprig+For+Nassau+Hall&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 31, 2013 |newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]] |date=June 19, 1934 |access-date=2011-01-03 }}</ref> The first U.S. commemorative postage stamp printed on colored paper honored Nassau Hall on its bicentennial. It depicted a front view of Nassau Hall. It was denominated at the first class rate of 3 cents and was on orange paper. It was first issued at Princeton, New Jersey, on September 22, 1956.
▲The [[British Army#British Empire|British Redcoats]] seized control of Nassau Hall in 1776, and American soldiers were forced to fire upon their own building in the [[Battle of Princeton]] on January 3, 1777. Three cannonballs were fired, but only two made contact. One glanced off the south side of the building; the damage can still be seen today. Another cannonball flew through a window in the Faculty Room and "decapitated" [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George's]] portrait. The cannonball was said to have come from a gun in the artillery company commanded by [[Alexander Hamilton]], who had been rejected by Princeton when he first came to the colonies. The result of the battle was a decisive [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriot]] victory, and Nassau Hall was retaken by the Americans.
==Princeton's alma mater==
[[File:Nassau-hall-princeton.JPG|thumb|200px|Side view]]
{{Continental Congress}}
The song ''Old Nassau'' was adopted as Princeton University's [[alma mater]] in 1859. The lyrics were written by Harlan Page Peck, a member of Princeton's class of 1862, and first published in the March 1859 issue of ''Nassau Literary Magazine''. The music, originally to be set to the tune of ''[[Auld Lang Syne]]'', proved unworkable, and [[Karl A. Langlotz]], a professor of music at Princeton who had studied composition under [[Franz Liszt]],<ref>[http://www.princetonol.com/groups/cemetery/mon.html The Princeton Cemetery of the Nassau Presbyterian Church]. Website accessed 13 October 2009.</ref> wrote a new melody for the song's lyrics. According to Leitch's ''A Princeton Companion'', Langlotz "wrote the music for Old Nassau on the porch of his house at 160 Mercer Street one fine spring afternoon."<ref>[http://tigernet.princeton.edu/~ptoniana/oldnassau2.asp Princetoniana: Old Nassau], published on Princeton University's website and adapted from Leitch, Alexander. ''A Princeton Companion'' (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1978). Website accessed 15 January 2007.</ref>▼
{{main article|Old Nassau}}
▲The song ''Old Nassau'' was adopted as Princeton University's [[alma mater (song)|alma mater]] (school song) in 1859. The lyrics were written by Harlan Page Peck, a member of Princeton's class of 1862, and first published in the March 1859 issue of ''Nassau Literary Magazine''. The music, originally to be set to the tune of ''[[Auld Lang Syne]]'', proved unworkable, and [[Karl A. Langlotz]], a professor of music at Princeton who had studied composition under [[Franz Liszt]],<ref>[http://www.princetonol.com/groups/cemetery/mon.html The Princeton Cemetery of the Nassau Presbyterian Church]. Website accessed 13 October 2009.</ref> wrote a new melody for the song's lyrics.
==Architecture==
As described in 1760 in the ''New American Magazine'', "The simple interior design is shown in the plan, where a central corridor provided communication with the students' chambers and recitation rooms, the entrances, and the common prayer hall; and on the second floor, with the library over the central north entrance. The prayer hall was two stories high, measured 32 by 40 feet, and had a balcony at the north end which could be reached from the second-story entry. Partially below ground level, though dimly lighted by windows, was the cellar, which served as kitchen, dining area (beneath the prayer hall), and storeroom. In all there were probably forty rooms for the students, not including those added later in the cellar when a moat was dug to allow additional light and air into that dungeon."<ref name="dos" />
On March 6, 1802, a fire devastated the interior of the
<http://www.princeton.edu/mudd/news/faq/topics/nassau.shtml>.</ref> "The horizontal lintels over the three entrances at the front of the building were replaced with triangular pediments, and the circular window in the central pediment rising from the eves (sic) was replaced with a fanlight."<ref name="dos" /><ref name="qepu">Quiñones, Eric. "Princeton University - Nassau Hall Is a Campus and National Landmark." Princeton University - Nassau Hall Is a Campus and National Landmark. Princeton.edu, 22 Dec. 2005. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S13/52/88S74/</ref>
The
==See also==
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* [http://tigernet.princeton.edu/~ptoniana/oldnassau2.asp Princetoniana: Old Nassau]
* [http://tigernet.princeton.edu/~ptoniana/nassauhall.asp Princetoniana: Nassau Hall]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060623031739/http://barillari.org/photos/reunions2005/IMG_8589.JPG.html Inscription on FitzRandolph Gate facing Nassau Hall]
* [http://www.princeton.edu Princeton University]
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{{New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War}}
{{Princeton, New Jersey}}
{{Government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation}}
{{NRHP in Mercer County, New Jersey}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Princeton University buildings]]
[[Category:Continental Congress]]
[[Category:History of the government of the United States
[[Category:Seats of national legislatures]]
[[Category:New Jersey in the American Revolution]]
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[[Category:Historic district contributing properties in Mercer County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:American Revolution on the National Register of Historic Places]]
[[Category:Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in New Jersey]]
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