Content deleted Content added
Added {{Page numbers needed|date=August 2024}} |
→Climate: Spelling/grammar/punctuation/typographical correction; {{citation needed|date=November 2024}} |
||
| (27 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown) | |||
Line 9:
| official_name =
| native_name = American Northeast, the Northeast
| image_skyline = {{
| photo1a = Lower Manhattan skyline - June 2017.jpg▼
|perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
| photo2a = Bostonstraight.jpg▼
|total_width = 300
| photo2b = Shoreline between Gorham Mountain trailhead and Sand Beach (6598fb47-208e-4940-a5fa-8f8b000b14ee).jpg▼
|caption_align = center
| photo3a = Niagara Falls USA Canada from Skylon Tower on 2002-05-28, full size.jpg▼
| photo4a = Gfp-new-york-adirondack-peaks.jpg▼
| caption1 = [[New York City]]
| photo4b = Hudson River Palisades from Alpine Boat Basin in fall 1.jpg▼
| photo5a = A651, Philadelphia skyline from the Spring Garden Street Bridge, 2018.jpg▼
|
▲ |
|
▲ | border = 0
| caption4 = [[Niagara Falls]]
| caption5 = [[Adirondack Mountains]]
| image6 = Stowe, Vermont in October.jpg
| caption6 = [[Stowe, Vermont]]
| caption7 = [[The Palisades (Hudson River)|The Palisades]]
| caption8 = [[Philadelphia]]
}}
| image_map = [[File:Map of the North Eastern United States.svg|250px]]
Line 81 ⟶ 89:
}}
The '''Northeastern United States'''
The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] for the collection and analysis of statistics.<ref name=Census>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/pdfs/reference/us_regdiv.pdf |title=Census Regions and Divisions of the United States |publisher=[[United States Department of Commerce]], [[Economics and Statistics Administration]], [[United States Census Bureau]], Geography Division |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053705/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/pdfs/reference/us_regdiv.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2013 }}</ref> The Census Bureau defines the region as including the six [[New England]] states of [[Connecticut]], [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Rhode Island]], and [[Vermont]], and three northern [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Mid-Atlantic]] states of [[New Jersey]], [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Pennsylvania]].
The region is home to the [[Northeast megalopolis]], which includes many of the nation's largest metropolitan areas, including [[Boston]], [[New York City]], and [[Philadelphia]]. The megalopolis makes up 67% of the region's total population of 57,609,148. The [[gross domestic product]] of the region was $5.1 trillion as of 2022 and contains some of the [[List of U.S. states and territories by Human Development Index|most developed states]] based on the [[Human Development Index]], with every state with the exception of [[Maine]] above the national average.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=GDP by State {{!}} U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) |url=https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=Bea.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?levels=1+4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=globaldatalab.org}}</ref> It is also the most densely populated region in the United States, with {{convert|320|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|}}.<ref name="Zelinksy1" /><ref name="Hobbs">{{cite book|title=World Regional Geography|author=Hobbs, Joseph John|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|year=2009|page=647|isbn=978-0-495-38950-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&pg=PA647|access-date=November 4, 2013|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126170436/https://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&pg=PA647|url-status=live}}</ref> The U.S. Census Bureau defines the Northeast United States as having a total area of {{convert|181324|mi2|km2|abbr=on}}, making it the smallest region of the United States by total area.
Line 100 ⟶ 108:
All of the [[U.S. state]]s making up the Northeastern region were among the original [[Thirteen Colonies]], though Maine and Vermont were part of other colonies before the United States became independent in the [[American Revolution]]. The two cultural and geographic regions that form parts of the Northeastern region have distinct histories. The first European explorer known to have explored the Atlantic shoreline of the Northeast since the [[Norse colonization of the Americas|Norse]] was [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]] in 1524. His ship ''La Dauphine'' explored the coast from what is now known as Florida to New Brunswick.
The first Europeans to settle and colonize New England were [[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] from [[Kingdom of England|England]], who landed in present-day Massachusetts in 1620.<ref name="Arenstam">{{cite book|last=Arenstam|first=Peter|title=Mayflower 1620: A New Look at a Pilgrim Voyage|year=2007|publisher=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-7922-6276-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KX5F19BCgecC|author2=Kemp, John|author3=Grace, Catherine O'Neill|access-date=October 17, 2015|archive-date=April 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424112548/https://books.google.com/books?id=KX5F19BCgecC|url-status=live}}</ref> The Pilgrims arrived on the ship ''[[Mayflower]]'' and founded [[Plymouth Colony]] so they could practice religion freely.<ref name="Arenstam" /> Ten years later, a larger group of [[Puritan]]s settled north of Plymouth Colony in [[Boston]] to form [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A Brief History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA |url=http://www2.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory.html |work=Cambridge Historical Commission |access-date=August 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930095250/http://www2.cambridgema.gov/historic/cambridgehistory.html |archive-date=September 30, 2012 }}</ref> In 1636, colonists established [[Connecticut Colony]]<ref
Providence was founded by [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]], who was banished by Massachusetts for his beliefs in freedom of religion, and it was the first colony to guarantee all citizens freedom of worship.
[[Henry Hudson]] explored the area of present-day New York in 1609 and claimed it for the Netherlands. His journey stimulated Dutch interest, and the area became known as [[New Netherland]]. In 1625, the city of [[New Amsterdam]] (the location of present-day New York City) was designated the capital of the province.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barreveld |first=Drs. Dirk J. |title=From New Amsterdam to New York: the founding of New York by the Dutch in July 1625 |publisher=Writers Club Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-595-19890-0 |location=New York}}</ref> The Dutch New Netherland settlement along the [[Hudson River]] and, for a time, the [[New Sweden]] settlement along the [[Delaware River]] divided the English settlements in the north and the south. In 1664, [[Charles II of England]] formally annexed New Netherland and incorporated it into the [[English colonial empire]].<ref name="Radford">{{cite web |title=The Middle Colonies |url=http://www.radford.edu/~rvshelton/Middle.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720074412/http://www.radford.edu/~rvshelton/Middle.htm |archive-date=July 20, 2012 |access-date=August 16, 2012 |work=Radford University}}</ref> The territory became the colonies of [[Province of New York|New York]] and [[Province of New Jersey|New Jersey]].<ref name="Radford" /> New Jersey was originally split into [[East Jersey]] and [[West Jersey]] until the two were united as a royal colony in 1702.<ref name="Radford" />
Line 144 ⟶ 152:
The [[Mason–Dixon line|Mason-Dixon line]] would be established as the border of slavery, following the border of Pennsylvania and Delaware/Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slavery in Delaware |url=http://slavenorth.com/delaware.htm |access-date=February 19, 2023 |website=slavenorth.com}}</ref> [[Abolitionism in the United States|Abolitionist movements]] would start in the Northeast and Midwest and would become prominent towards the mid-19th century, these groups advocated the shrinking or banning of slavery in the United States. Some Northeastern states still had small amounts of slaves into the 1850s, though some would ban it during the decade.
The [[1860 United States presidential election|election of 1860]] led to the start of the Civil War; southern states
While all Northeastern states would remain in the United States during the war, conflicts did arise, like the [[New York City draft riots|New York draft riots]] in 1863.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Foner |first=Eric |title=Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863-1877 |date=2002 |publisher=Perennial Classics |isbn=0-06-093716-5 |edition=1st Perennial Classics |location=New York |oclc=48074168}}</ref> The war would end in 1865 with the United States taking back control of Southern states.
Line 151 ⟶ 159:
[[File:Mulberry Street NYC c1900 LOC 3g04637u edit.jpg|thumb|[[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] in [[Lower Manhattan]], {{Circa|1900}}]]
[[File:The Harmsworth atlas and Gazetter 1908 (135851517).jpg|thumb|Northeastern United States in 1908 from ''The Harmsworth atlas and Gazetter'']]
Following the Civil War, the Northeast would see a large economic boom and would become one of the most industrialized regions in the world. Many technological
New York City eventually grew to become one of the largest cities in the world by 1900. With the American involvement in both World Wars, the Northeast would become a large base of war production, with the [[Brooklyn Navy Yard|Brooklyn Naval Yard]] producing many navy ships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 09 Dec 1940, page 10 |url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52774625/ |access-date=February 19, 2023 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> Many worker strikes would occur in the states, including the [[Homestead strike]] in 1892.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Strike at Homestead Mill {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/carnegie-strike-homestead-mill/ |access-date=February 19, 2023 |website=Pbs.org |language=en}}</ref> Many of these cities would see a peak population and industrial output in the aftermath of [[World War II]] in the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Makes It? |url=http://www.63alfred.com/whomakesit/ |access-date=February 19, 2023 |website=63alfred.com}}</ref>
Line 180 ⟶ 188:
States beyond the Census Bureau definition are included in Northeast Region by various other entities:
<!-- Please do not add your own definitions here, nor definitions of purely administrative divisions. Please only add references from reliable sources that contribute to the content of this article. -->
* Various organizations include [[Delaware]], [[Maryland]], and the national capital of [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="Hobbs" /><ref name="Hudson">{{cite book |author=John C. Hudson |title=Across This Land: A Regional Geography of the United States and Canada |
* The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] and [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] include in their Northeast Region Delaware, Maryland, and [[West Virginia]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/climatechangeimp0000unse|chapter=Chapter 4: Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the Northeastern United States|author=Barron, Eric|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|title=Climate Change Impacts on the United States: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change|year=2001|editor=National Assessment Synthesis Team, U.S. Global Change Research Program|isbn=0-521-00075-0|access-date=March 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Northeast Climate Region|date=January 21, 2015|url=http://water.epa.gov/scitech/climatechange/Northeast-Climate-Region.cfm|publisher=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]|access-date=July 4, 2013|archive-date=June 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629024655/http://water.epa.gov/scitech/climatechange/Northeast-Climate-Region.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Northeast Regional Climate Center|url=http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/index.html|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=July 20, 2013|archive-date=June 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616112010/http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] includes in their Northeast Region: Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, and [[Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Northeast Region|url=http://www.fws.gov/northeast/|publisher=[[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]]|access-date=July 4, 2013|archive-date=July 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706063743/http://www.fws.gov/northeast/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Line 200 ⟶ 208:
The basic climate of the Northeast can be divided into a colder and snowier interior, including western Maryland, most of Pennsylvania, most of [[North Jersey]], [[Upstate New York]], and most of New England, and a milder coastal plain region from [[Cape Cod]] and southern [[Rhode Island]] southward, including [[Long Island]], [[Southern Connecticut]], [[New York City]], central and southern [[New Jersey]], part of the Pennsylvania portion of the [[Delaware Valley]] including [[Philadelphia]], [[Delaware]], and most of [[Maryland]]. In the latter region the [[hardiness zone]] ranges from 7a to 8a. Annual mean temperatures range from the low-to-mid 50s F from Maryland to southern Connecticut, to the 40s F in most of New York State, New England, and northern Pennsylvania.<ref name="Climate"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Climate Summaries - Northeast Overview - January 2013|url=http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/impacts/Impacts_01-13.html|access-date=July 19, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929120324/http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/impacts/Impacts_01-13.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Climate Summaries - Northeast Overview - July 2012|url=http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/impacts/Impacts_07-12.html|access-date=July 19, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929120321/http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/impacts/Impacts_07-12.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Most of the Northeast has a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa/Dfb/occasional Dfc/Dc''). The northernmost portion of the [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] zone (''Cfa/Do'') begins at [[Martha's Vineyard]] and [[Westerly, Rhode Island|extreme SW Rhode Island]] and extends southwestward down the coastal plain to central and southern Maryland. The [[oceanic climate]] zone (''Cfb/Do'') only exists on [[Block Island]]
==Demographics==
Line 242 ⟶ 250:
The median income for a household in the region in 2021 was $77,142, and the median income for a family was $97,347. About 11.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Northeast+Region+poverty&tid=ACSST1Y2021.S1701 |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
The two U.S. Census Bureau divisions in the Northeast, [[New England]] and the [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Mid-Atlantic]], rank second and first respectively among the [[List of U.S. states by population density|9 divisions in population density]] according to the 2013 population estimate. The [[South Atlantic states|South Atlantic]] region (233.1) was very close behind New England (233.2). Due to the faster growth of the [[South Atlantic states|South Atlantic]] region, it will take over the #2 division rank in population density in the next estimate, dropping New England to 3rd position. New England is projected to retain the number 3 rank for many, many years, as the only other lower-ranked division with even half the population density of New England is the [[East North Central states|East North Central]] division (192.1) and this region's population is projected to grow slowly.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
Line 335 ⟶ 343:
{{Main|Economy of New York City}}
[[File:Photos NewYork1 032.jpg|thumb|The [[New York Stock Exchange Building|New York Stock Exchange]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] is the largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization.]]
{{As of|2021}}, the [[New York metropolitan area]] is estimated to produce a [[gross metropolitan product]] (GMP) of $2.1 trillion US dollars, ranking it [[List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP|first in the U.S.]] If the New York metropolitan area were a [[sovereign state]], it would have been the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|eighth-largest economy]] in the world. [[Manhattan]] is considered the world's financial center, with many large banks based in [[Manhattan]] and some of the largest stock exchanges on [[Wall Street]], like the [[New York Stock Exchange]], it is so prominent that the term "Wall Street" is usually synonymous with finance. Many other companies are based in New York City area, either in [[Midtown Manhattan]], [[downtown Brooklyn]], [[Long Island City]], or the various suburbs, like [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]] or [[White Plains, New York|White Plains]]. Some of the largest companies based in New York City area include, [[Verizon Communications|Verizon]], [[JPMorgan Chase|J.P. Morgan Chase]], [[Citigroup]], [[MetLife]], [[PepsiCo]], [[IBM]], [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]], [[Goldman Sachs]], and [[Pfizer]]. Several technology companies have been founded in New York, or moved their headquarters to New York from other places.
[[New York City]] is the nation's most populated city, and the [[New York metropolitan area]] including and surrounding it is the nation's most populated metropolitan region, contributing to a sizable shopping economy, including many large shopping malls and department stores based in the area, such as [[Macy's Herald Square|Macy's on 34th Street]], [[Fifth Avenue]], and [[American Dream Meadowlands|American Dream]] in [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]], the [[Palisades Center]] in [[West Nyack, New York]], and the [[The SoNo Collection|SoNo Collection]] in [[Norwalk, Connecticut]]. The [[Port of New York and New Jersey]], one of the nation's largest ports, is located on [[New York Harbor]].
Line 496 ⟶ 504:
|[[Greater New Haven|New Haven]]
|Commuter Rail
|New Haven, [[New London, Connecticut|New London]], Stamford
|1
|660,500
Line 573 ⟶ 581:
Many major highways cross the Northeast, connecting it to the rest of the nation.
{{routelist top|length_ref=<ref name="table1">{{cite web |title=Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2018 |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm |website=FHWA Route Log and Finder List |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]|access-date=April 21, 2021 |date=May 6, 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Routelist row
| country = USA
| type = I
| route = 70
| dab = Utah–Maryland
| length_mi = 2171.71
| terminus_a = [[Interstate 15|I-15]] in [[Cove Fort, Utah]]
| terminus_b = [[Interstate 695 (Maryland)|I-695]] at [[Woodlawn, Baltimore County, Maryland]]
| established = 1956
| notes = Serves Pennsylvania<br />Associated routes: none in the Northeast
}}
{{Routelist row
| country = USA
| |||