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'''Li Congyan''' ({{lang|zh|李從曮}}) (898<ref name=HFD132>''[[Old History of the Five Dynasties|History of the Five Dynasties]]'', [[:zh:s:舊五代史/卷132|vol. 132]].</ref>
▲'''Li Congyan''' (李從曮) (898<ref name=HFD132>''[[History of the Five Dynasties]]'', [[:zh:s:舊五代史/卷132|vol. 132]].</ref>-November 26, 946<ref>''History of the Five Dynasties'', [[:zh:s:舊五代史/卷85|vol. 85]].</ref><ref name=AS>[http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw [[Academia Sinica]] Chinese-Western Calendar Converter].</ref>), né '''Li Jiyan''' (李繼曮) (name changed 926), formally the '''Prince of Qi''' (岐王), was a son and the heir of [[Li Maozhen]], the only ruler of the [[History of China|Chinese]] [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period]] state [[Qi (Five Dynasties)|Qi]]. After Li Maozhen submitted to [[Later Tang Dynasty]] and died shortly after, he continued to control the former Qi territory, as a Later Tang vassal, and subsequently served as a general for both Later Tang and its successor state [[Later Jin Dynasty (Five Dynasties)|Later Jin Dynasty]].
== Background ==
Li Jiyan was born in 898, during the reign of [[Emperor Zhaozong of Tang]]. He was the oldest son of both his father [[Li Maozhen]]<ref name=HFD132/> and his mother (Li Maozhen's wife) [[Empress Liu (Li Maozhen's wife)|Lady Liu]].<ref>[http://zhangxincaiyuan.blog.hexun.com/7895365_d.html ''Examination and Explanation of the Tombstone Text of Lady Liu, Wife of Li Maozhen, Wife of Tang's Prince of Qin''].</ref> On account of his birth, even before he went through the [[rite of passage]], he received the titles of deputy commander of the army at Peng Prefecture (彭州, in modern [[Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture]], [[Sichuan]]) and commander of the guard corps at his father's Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern [[Baoji]], [[Shaanxi]]). In the middle of Emperor Zhaozong's ''Tianfu'' era (
== During Qi ==
Probably after Tang's fall in 906, Li Maozhen, who was still using Tang's [[era name]] to signify his refusal to submit to [[Zhu Quanzhong]] (who had forced Emperor Zhaozong's son and successor [[Emperor Ai of Tang|Emperor Ai]] to yield the throne to him, establishing [[Later
== During Later Tang ==
=== During Li Cunxu's reign ===
In 923, Later Liang was conquered by [[Li Cunxu]] the emperor of [[Later Tang
After Li Jiyan returned to Fengxiang, he reported to his father Li Maozhen of the great strengths that the Later Tang army had. Li Maozhen became more fearful, and submitted respectful petitions asking to be treated as an ordinary subject (i.e., not to have the great respect given to him by Li Cunxu). Li Cunxu continued to refer to him in respectful terms, and later in the year, created him the Prince of Qin. Li Maozhen died shortly after, and left a petition to Li Cunxu asking that Li Jiyan be put in charge of Fengxiang. Li Cunxu thereafter made Li Jiyan the military governor of Fengxiang.<ref name=ZZTJ273/>
When Li Cunxu launched a major attack on Later Tang's southwestern neighbor [[Former Shu]] in 925, commanded nominally by his son [[Li Jiji]] the Prince of Wei and actually by the major general [[Guo Chongtao]], Li Jiyan was put in charge of supplying the army, and it was said that he exhausted the storage of Fengxiang in order to do so.<ref name=ZZTJ273/> He subsequently accompanied the Later Tang army in its destruction of Former Shu. In spring 926, in anticipation of returning with the army, Li Jiji sent Li Jiyan and the official Li Yan ({{lang|zh|李嚴}}) in escorting Former Shu's emperor [[Wang
=== During Li Siyuan's reign ===
Meanwhile, though, Guo Chongtao had been killed on Empress Liu's orders, and soon later so was Guo's ally, [[Zhu Youqian|Li Jilin]], because Empress Liu and Li Cunxu suspected them of acting in concert against the emperor. This caused the collapse of the army morale and the rise of many mutinies.<ref name=ZZTJ274/> In summer 926, Li Cunxu himself was killed in a mutiny at Luoyang. His adoptive brother [[Li Siyuan]], who had earlier rebelled against him as well, quickly arrived at Luoyang and claimed imperial title. Upon hearing this, Li Jiyan returned to Fengxiang and apparently was able to take control of the circuit back without further resistance. Believing that Chai had improperly blocked Li Jiyan, Li Siyuan ordered Chai's death.<ref name=ZZTJ275>''Zizhi Tongjian'', [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷275|vol. 275]].</ref> As Chai, in his brief time in control of the circuit, did not cause any harm to the people or the army of the circuit, however, Li Jiyan submitted a petition asking that Chai's life be spared. While this petition was not granted, popular opinion at the time much praised him.<ref name=HFD132/>
Later in the year, Li Siyuan issued an edict praising Li Jiyan and his family for their contributions, and bestowed a new name of Congyan on him (to bring Li Congyan into the same generational character as his own sons); Li Congyan's younger brothers Li Jichang ({{lang|zh|李繼昶}}) and Li Jizhao (李繼照 or 李繼昭) were also given the names of Congchang and Congzhao, respectively.<ref name=HFD132/><ref name=ZZTJ275/>
In 927, there was an episode where [[Meng Zhixiang]] the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern [[Chengdu]], [[Sichuan]], formed from the main part of former Former Shu territory), who had married a cousin of Li Cunxu's and who was by that point in a strained relationship with Li Siyuan's imperial government, killed Li Yan, who was then serving as an imperial army monitor at Xichuan. Upon hearing of Meng's killing of Li Yan, Li Congyan detained Meng's wife Grand Princess Qionghua and Meng's son [[Meng Chang|Meng Renzan]], who Meng Zhixiang had sent for from Luoyang, at Fengxiang; he then submitted a petition requesting instructions on what to do with them. Li Siyuan ordered that he release them to allow them to go on to Xichuan.<ref name=ZZTJ275/>
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== During Later Jin ==
In 936, Shi Jingtang rose in rebellion against Li Congke and, with aid from the [[Liao Dynasty|Khitan Empire]]'s [[Emperor Taizong of Liao|Emperor Taizong]], overthrew Later Tang and established himself as the emperor of a new [[Later Jin
During his rule, Li Congyan was described to be favoring civilian officials and not military officers, and while he was lenient to the farmers, he was strict with the soldiers, leading to much resentment among his soldiers. In 938, there was an incident where soldiers he sent to patrol the western border mutinied once they exited Fengxiang's capital Fengxiang Municipality, and reentered the city to pillage it. Li Congyan launched his own guards to counterattack, defeating them. The mutineers fled east, wanting to submit accusations against him to Shi. When they reached Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern [[Weinan]], [[Shaanxi]]), however, [[Zhang Yanze
After Shi Jingtang's death and succession by his nephew [[Shi Chonggui]], Li Congyan received the additional honorary title of acting ''Taibao'' ({{lang|zh|太保}}). He died in 946, while still serving as the military governor of Fengxiang.<ref name=HFD132/>
== Notes and references ==
<references/>
* ''[[Old History of the Five Dynasties|History of the Five Dynasties]]'', [[:zh:s:舊五代史/卷132|vol. 132]].
* ''[[New History of the Five Dynasties]]'', [[:zh:s:新五代史/卷40|vol. 40]].
* ''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'', vols. [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷273|273]], [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷274|274]], [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷275|275]], [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷277|277]], [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷279|279]], [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷281|281]].
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