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{{short description|French political party}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = France Unbowed
| native_name      = {{lang|fr|La France Insoumise}}
| logo             = [[File:LFI Logo 2024.svg|240px]]
| logo_size        = 250px
| colorcode        = {{party color|La France Insoumise}}
| abbreviation     = FI, LFI
| leader1_title    = Coordinator
| leader1_name     = [[Manuel Bompard]]
| founder          = [[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]]
| founded          = {{start date and age|2016|2|10|df=y}}
| membership_year  = 2017
| newspaper        = ''L'Insoumission Hebdo''
| membership       = {{increase}} 540,000<!--<ref>{{cite news|title=Partis politiques: les vrais chiffres des adhérents|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/ps/partis-politiques-les-vrais-chiffres-des-adherents_2473260.html|publisher=franceinfo|date=17 November 2017|access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>-->{{needs update|date=December 2022}}
| ideology         = <!--Sourced at "Ideology and political programme"-->{{ubl|class=nowrap
 | [[Democratic socialism]]
 | [[Anti-neoliberalism]]
 | [[Eco-socialism]]
 | [[Souverainism]]
 | [[Left-wing populism]]
| [[Soft Euroscepticism]]
}}
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]{{efn|name=position|The party has been variously described as [[left-wing]], as well as [[far-left]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chemin |first=Chanaël |date=13 June 2024 |title=Législatives : La France Insoumise est-elle vraiment un parti d'extrême gauche ?|url=https://www.laprovence.com/article/politique/46022093853884/legislatives-la-france-insoumise-est-elle-vraiment-un-parti-dextreme-gauche|access-date=15 July 2024 |website=La Provence|language=fr}}</ref> Far-left is also a label used by its critics, including incumbent French President [[Emmanuel Macron]], to compare it with the [[National Rally]] (RN), a party commonly described as far-right; however various political scientists dispute the far-left label. The ministry of the Interior places LFI, together with the [[French Communist Party]], under the nuance "left-wing", and RN under the nuance "far-right".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desseauve |first=Rodolphe |date=13 June 2024 |title=LFI est-il vraiment un parti d'extrême gauche, comme le dit Emmanuel Macron ? |url=https://fr.news.yahoo.com/lfi-est-il-vraiment-un-parti-dextreme-gauche-comme-le-dit-emmanuel-macron-123403998.html |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Yahoo News |language=fr}}</ref>}}<!--Sourced at "Ideology and political programme"-->
<br />
| european         = {{nowrap|[[European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet|European Left Alliance<br />for the People and the Planet]]<br />[[Now the People|Now the People !]]}}
| international    = 
| europarl         = [[The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL]]<!--<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/188721/MARIE-PIERRE_VIEU/history/8|title=8th parliamentary term &#124; Marie-Pierre VIEU &#124; MEPs &#124; European Parliament|website=Europarl.europa.eu|date=February 1967}}</ref>-->
| national         = {{ublist
 | [[New Popular Front]]<br>(since 2024)
 | [[New Ecological and Social People's Union]]<br>(2022–2024)
}}
| colours          = {{ublist
 | {{color box|#56277E|border=darkgray}} Purple (official)
 | {{color box|#E53D40|border=darkgray}} Red (customary)
}}
| seats1_title     = [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]
| seats1           = {{composition bar|71|577|hex={{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Senate (France)|Senate]]
| seats2           = {{composition bar|0|348|hex={{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[European Parliament]] (French seats)
| seats3           = {{composition bar|9|81|hex={{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
| seats4_title     = Presidencies of [[departmental council (France)|departmental councils]]
| seats4           = {{composition bar|0|101|hex={{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
| seats5_title     = Presidencies of [[regional council (France)|regional councils]]
| seats5           = {{composition bar|0|17|hex={{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
| website          = {{Official URL}}
| country          = France
}}

'''La France Insoumise''' ({{IPA|fr|la fʁɑ̃s ɛ̃sumiz|pron}}, {{lit|France Unbowed}},{{efn|name="France Unbowed"}} abbreviated as '''FI''' or '''LFI''') is a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] political party in France. It was launched in 2016 by [[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]], then a [[Member of the European Parliament]] (MEP) and former co-president of the [[Left Party (France)|Left Party]] (PG). It aims to implement the [[eco-socialist]] and [[democratic socialist]] programme {{Lang|fr|L'Avenir en commun}} ({{Translation|A Shared Future}}). The party utilises the lower case Greek letter [[phi]] as its [[logotype]].

The party nominated Mélenchon as its candidate for the [[2017 French presidential election]]. He came fourth in the first round, receiving 19.6% of the vote and failing to qualify for the second round by around 2%. After the [[2017 French legislative election]], it formed a [[parliamentary group]] of 17 members of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]], with Mélenchon as the group's president. In the [[2019 European Parliament election in France]], it won six seats, below its expectations.

In 2022, Mélenchon again became the party's candidate for president, and later [[Christiane Taubira]], winner of the [[2022 French People's Primary]], endorsed Mélenchon. In the first round of [[2022 French presidential election]] voting in April, Mélenchon came third, garnering 7.7 million votes, narrowly behind second-place finisher [[Marine Le Pen]].

== History ==
[[File:Logo France Insoumise.svg|thumb|left|Former logo of the party]]
La France Insoumise was founded on 10 February 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/10/14/jean-luc-melenchon-le-vent-dans-le-dos_1521979|title=Jean-Luc Mélenchon, le vent dans le dos|work=Liberation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 January 2017 |title=Décision du 23 janvier 2017 portant agrément d'une association de financement d'un parti ou d'une organisation politique |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000033968642 |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Légifrance |language=fr}}</ref> based on the belief that traditional parties and political organisations no longer serve democracy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2017/04/01/actualidad/1491042615_697020.html |title=La remontada del movimiento Francia Insumisa... y su referente Podemos |newspaper=El País |publisher=Internacional.elpais.com |date=1 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2017|last1=Ayuso |first1=Silvia}}</ref> The movement is inspired by the Spanish party [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|Podemos]], the election of [[Jeremy Corbyn]] as [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] leader in the United Kingdom in 2015 and the candidacy of [[Bernie Sanders]] in the [[2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries]] in the United States. Its first meeting took place in [[Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad|Place Stalingrad]], [[Paris]] on 5 June 2016 in the form of a march numbering about 10,000 people, according to the organisers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lesinrocks.com/2016/06/06/actualite/lors-de-premier-meeting-jean-luc-melenchon-appelle-a-changer-civilisation-humaine-11834968/|title=Les Inrocks – Pour son premier meeting de campagne, Jean-Luc Mélenchon appelle à "changer la civilisation humaine"|first=Mathieu|last=Dejean|date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/06/05/avec-sa-france-insoumise-jean-luc-melenchon-met-le-pcf-et-la/|title=Avec sa "France insoumise", Jean-Luc Mélenchon met le PCF et la gauche au pied du mur|publisher=Huffington Post France|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227221332/http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/06/05/avec-sa-france-insoumise-jean-luc-melenchon-met-le-pcf-et-la/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A second meeting took place in the gardens of the [[Toulouse Observatory]] on 28 August 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/A-Toulouse-Melenchon-veut-prendre-de-la-hauteur-806086|title=Mélenchon veut prendre de la hauteur – leJDD.fr|first=Anne-Charlotte|last=Dusseaulx|date=28 August 2016 }}</ref>

The programme {{Lang|fr|L'Avenir en commun}} ({{Translation|A Shared Future}}) was adopted during the [[Lille]] convention, attended by just under 1,000 people in [[Saint-André-lez-Lille]] on 15/16 October 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/politique/1943391-20161016-convention-france-insoumise-nord-melenchon-gauche-toute|title=Convention de la "France insoumise": Dans le Nord, Mélenchon à gauche toute|date=16 October 2016}}</ref> Several personalities addressed the convention, including former [[Société Générale]] trader [[Jérôme Kerviel]], [[LuxLeaks]] whistleblower Antoine Deltour, political specialist Paul Ariès, former [[Mali]]an Minister of Culture [[Aminata Traoré (author)|Aminata Traoré]], and former [[Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament]] [[Zoe Konstantopoulou]].<ref name="humanite.fr1">{{cite web|url=https://www.humanite.fr/la-france-insoumise-detaille-son-projet-et-son-calendrier-618307|title=La France insoumise détaille son projet et son calendrier|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

At this convention, the movement also presented twenty candidates for the [[2017 French legislative election]], including Jean-Marie Brom, physicist, research director of the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|French National Center for Scientific Research]] (CNRS) and spokesperson of [[Sortir du nucléaire (France)|''Sortir du nucléaire'']]; Rémy Garnier, public finance inspector and whistleblower in the [[Cahuzac affair]]; Lionel Burriello, leader of the [[General Confederation of Labour (France)|CGT]] union for the [[ArcelorMittal]] steel works in [[Florange]]; Mehdi Kémoune, deputy secretary-general of the CGT union for [[Air France]]; actress Sophie De La Rochefoucauld; Marie-Hélène Bourlard, trade unionist featured in the movie ''[[Merci patron!]]''; [[Olivia Cattan]], journalist and founder of the association ''SOS Autisme France''; and Nathalie Seguin, trade unionist and member of the [[French Communist Party]] (PCF).<ref name="humanite.fr1"/>

In August 2017, La France Insoumise organized its first summer university (called ''Les AmFIs'', a play on the word amphitheater and the acronym FI for ''France insoumise''), a tradition in France where campuses open their doors to political party gatherings and meetings between activists, elected officials, philosophers, and cultural commentators. It was set in the [[Marseille]] Saint-Charles University and comprised  four days of debates, conferences and workshops. The movement also debated its future.<ref>[http://www.lci.fr/politique/la-france-insoumise-s-installe-a-marseille-2062471.html "La France Insoumise s'installe à Marseille"] (in French), lci.fr.</ref>

In the [[2017 Corsican territorial election]], local supporters of La France Insoumise under the banner of ''La Corse Insoumise'' allied with the PCF. The PCF-FI alliance attacked [[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]], and the list was disavowed by Mélenchon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Territoriales – Le PCF et la Corse insoumise en meeting|url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/corse/haute-corse/grand-bastia/territoriales-pcf-corse-insoumise-meeting-1363507.html|publisher=France 3 Corse ViaStella|date=10 November 2017|access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Ludovic Galtier|title=Élections territoriales en Corse : ce qu'il faut savoir avant le scrutin du 3 décembre|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/elections-territoriales-en-corse-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-avant-le-scrutin-du-3-decembre-7791158377|agency=Agence France-Presse|publisher=RTL|date=2 December 2017|access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref> During the [[2024 French legislative election]], La France Insoumise refused the nomination of five "rebels": [[Frédéric Mathieu]], [[Danielle Simonnet]], [[Raquel Garrido]], [[Alexis Corbière]], and [[Hendrik Davi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2024 |title=En direct, législatives 2024 : La France insoumise refuse l'investiture à Alexis Corbière, Raquel Garrido et Danielle Simonnet |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/live/2024/06/15/en-direct-legislatives-2024-la-france-insoumise-refuse-l-investiture-a-alexis-corbiere-raquel-garrido-et-danielle-simonnet_6239711_823448.html |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=Le Monde |language=fr}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2024 |title=« Crime de lèse-Mélenchon » « Une purge » : LFI ne réinvestit pas les députés frondeurs Corbière, Garrido ou Simonnet aux législatives 2024 |url=https://www.liberation.fr/politique/legislatives-2024-la-france-insoumise-ninvestit-pas-les-frondeurs-alexis-corbiere-et-raquel-garrido-20240615_J4DYTONE3VBDJGEJFHZPP5P2VI/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=Libération |language=fr}}.</ref>

== Ideology and political programme ==
Ideologically, La France Insoumise is variously described as holding [[democratic socialist]],<ref>{{cite news|language=fr|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Quand-Dray-plante-sa-plume-dans-Melenchon-661163|title=Quand Dray plante sa plume dans Mélenchon|author=Arthur Nazaret|work=[[Le Journal du Dimanche]]|date=10 April 2014|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="Nordsieck 2017">{{cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/france.html|url-status=live|title=France|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2017|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240708143852/http://parties-and-elections.eu/france.html|archive-date=8 July 2024|access-date=8 July 2024|postscript=. Updated as of 2024.}}</ref> [[anti-neoliberal]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ivaldi |first=Ivaldi |title=Populism Around the World: A Comparative Perspective |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-96757-8 |editor-last=Stockemer |editor-first=Daniel |pages=27–48 |chapter=Populism in France |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-96758-5_3 |chapter-url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01889832/document}}</ref> [[eco-socialist]],<ref name="Nordsieck 2017"/> [[souverainist]],<ref>{{cite news|author=[[Abel Mestre]]|title=La tentation souverainiste de Jean-Luc Mélenchon|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2017/10/21/la-tentation-souverainiste-de-jean-luc-melenchon_5204145_823448.html|newspaper=Le Monde|date=21 October 2017|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> [[left-wing populist]],<ref>{{cite news|language=fr|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/le-pen-melenchon-la-mode-est-au-langage-populiste_1237437.html|title=Le Pen-Mélenchon: la mode est au langage populiste|author=Denis Tugdual|work=[[L'Express]]|date=5 April 2013|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|language=fr|url=http://www.slate.fr/story/70687/melenchon-populisme-vintage|title=Le populisme "vintage" de Jean-Luc Mélenchon, trop élaboré pour être efficace|author=Jean-Laurent Cassely|work=Slate|date=15 April 2013|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> and [[soft Eurosceptic]] positions.<ref>{{cite web |title=« L'euroscepticisme chez les sympathisants LFI est marginal », selon la Fondation Jean-Jaurès |url=https://www.euractiv.fr/section/politique/news/leuroscepticisme-chez-les-sympathisants-lfi-est-marginal-selon-la-fondation-jean-jaures/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |date=25 August 2022 |lang=fr |first1=Théo |last1=Bourgery-Gonse}}</ref> On the political spectrum, the party is described as [[left-wing]],<ref>{{bulleted list|
 | {{cite news |last= Baker |first= Luke |date= 18 September 2017 |title= French unions and left-wing plan 10 days of action to rattle Macron |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-reform-unrest-idUSKCN1BT1BQ |work= Reuters |access-date= 8 January 2020}}
 | {{cite news |last= Barbière |first= Cécile |date= 3 October 2018 |title= La France Insoumise wants to turn European elections into anti-Macron referendum |url= https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/la-france-insoumise-wants-to-turn-european-elections-into-anti-macron-referendum/ |work= Euractiv |access-date= 7 April 2019}}
 | {{cite news |date= 2 September 2019 |title= Schools in France to display flags in classrooms |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-49553523 |work= BBC News |access-date= 8 January 2020}}
 | {{cite news |last= Dodman |first= Benjamin |date= 25 November 2019 |title= Tackling domestic violence: 'If you ask the right questions at the right time, you will save lives' |url= https://www.france24.com/en/20191125-france-femicide-domestic-violence-women-female-men-male-murder-victim-macron-sexism |work= France 24  |access-date= 8 January 2020}}}}</ref> as well as [[far-left]].<ref>{{bulleted list|
 | {{cite news|title='L'un d'entre nous va bien arriver à gagner les élections', Mélenchon rencontre le leader du Labour|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/europe/grande-bretagne/l-un-d-entre-nous-va-bien-arriver-gagner-les-elections-melenchon-rencontre-le-leader-du-labour-5984081|agency=Agence France-Presse|newspaper=Ouest-France|date=24 September 2018|access-date=5 April 2019}}
 | {{cite news|author=Robin Korda|title=Perquisitions, dérapages : la mise au point de Mélenchon après une semaine houleuse|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/en-conference-de-presse-jean-luc-melenchon-demande-l-annulation-des-perquisitions-19-10-2018-7923402.php|newspaper=Le Parisien|date=19 October 2018|access-date=5 April 2019}}
 | {{cite news |date= 16 December 2019 |title= French pension reform chief Jean-Paul Delevoye resigns over undeclared income |url= https://www.euronews.com/2019/12/16/french-pension-reform-chief-jean-paul-delevoye-resigns-over-declaration-of-interests |work= Euronews |access-date= 8 January 2020}}
 | {{cite web |last1=Nordstrom |first1=Louise |title=André Chassaigne: One of the last defenders of France's 'dead' Communist Party? |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20170612-france-legislative-election-andre-chassaigne-pcf-communist-party-melenchon-far-left |website=France 24 |date=12 June 2017 |access-date=18 March 2021}}}}</ref>{{efn|There is no clear consensus among scholars on the far-left and its definition,<ref>{{cite web |last=Faure |first=Justine |date=2 July 2024 |title=Est-il juste de classer le Rassemblement national et La France insoumise parmi les 'extrêmes' ? |url=https://www.tf1info.fr/elections/est-il-juste-de-classer-le-rassemblement-national-et-la-france-insoumise-parmi-les-extremes-2306778.html |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=TF1 INFO |language=fr}}</ref> with some scholars using different definitions but agreeing that there are differences and pluralism within it;<ref name="Dubuisson & Stuppia 2024">{{cite web |last1=Dubuisson |first1=Aurélien |last2=Stuppia |first2=Paolo |date=4 July 2024 |title=Pourquoi le Nouveau Front populaire et son programme commun ne sont pas d'« extrême gauche » |url=http://theconversation.com/pourquoi-le-nouveau-front-populaire-et-son-programme-commun-ne-sont-pas-d-extreme-gauche-233845 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=The Conversation |language=fr}}</ref> both historians and political scientists generally agree that left-wing parties like La France Insoumise that "plays the ballot box game fully and does not plan to take power through the Revolution" is an essential definition criterion that distinguish it from the far-left.<ref>{{cite web |last=Favier |first=Olivier |date=5 July 2024 |title=Extrême gauche, extrême droite, extrême centre: de quoi parle-t-on? |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/connaissances/20240705-extr%C3%AAme-gauche-extr%C3%AAme-droite-extr%C3%AAme-centre-de-quoi-parle-t-on |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> According to political science researcher Christine Pina, what distinguishes the mainstream left from the far-left (where despite the oppositions and differences in militant cultures between [[Trotskyists]], [[Maoists]], and [[libertarian socialists]] or [[anarchists]], they all share three common denominators that distinguish them from the mainstream left) is that the far-left proposes a sort of [[maximum programme]].<ref name="Dubuisson & Stuppia 2024"/> In the words of historian Aurélien Dubuisson (associate researcher at The Sciences Po Centre for History) and sociologist Paolo Stuppia (member of the European Centre for Sociology and Political Science) discussing the [[New Popular Front]], a broad left-wing alliance of which La France Insoumise was one of its main members, "[w]hile admitting immediate and transitory requests such as that of a better sharing of added value for the benefit of employees, the 'far-left' defends above all a maximalist programme in which the abolition of the capitalist model (today we also speak of fossil capital) occupies a central place. ... However, none on the left, including La France Insoumise, despite its radical criticisms of economic neoliberalism, defends such a process which would consist in a transformation of positive law to organise, even gradually, the disappearance of capitalist exploitation and the competition paradigm".<ref name="Dubuisson & Stuppia 2024"/>}} ''Far-left'' is also a label often used by its critics, including the incumbent French president [[Emmanuel Macron]], to compare it with the [[National Rally]] (RN), a party commonly described as [[far-right]]; however, the ''far-left'' label is not supported by the [[Ministry of the Interior (France)|Ministry of the Interior]] and the [[French Council of State]], the most important body for French administrative justice, both of which consider La France Insoumise to be "left-wing" (like the [[French Communist Party]]) and the [[National Rally]] to be "far-right".<ref>{{cite web |date=11 March 2024 |title=Le Conseil d'État rejette la demande du Rassemblement national de ne pas être classé à « l'extrême droite » |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/le-conseil-detat-rejette-la-demande-du-rassemblement-national-de-ne-pas-etre-classe-a-lextreme-droite-11-03-2024-O3ASK6SDRBCJXBMGYQLHEEBVK4.php |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Le Parisien |language=fr}}</ref> They consider as "far-left" other left-wing parties, such as [[Lutte Ouvrière]] and the [[New Anticapitalist Party]].<ref>{{cite news |date=21 June 2024 |title=Vidéo. La France insoumise est-elle d'extrême gauche ? Comprendre en trois minutes |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/comprendre-en-3-minutes/video/2024/06/21/la-france-insoumise-est-elle-d-extreme-gauche-comprendre-en-trois-minutes_6241916_6176282.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=Le Monde |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 July 2024 |title=Macron e la sinistra radicale non riescono a fare fronte comune |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2024/07/03/la-france-insoumise-emmanuel-macron-alleanza/ |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=Il Post |language=it}}</ref> According to political scientist Rémi Lefebvre, the programme of La France Insoumise is part of a [[socialism]] that is "very interventionist, very reformist, that believes in the essential role of public services, in ecological planning, in redistribution", and that what it questions is "more ultraliberalism than capitalism itself".<ref>{{cite web |last=Poesy |first=Emma |date=23 June 2022 |title=La France insoumise est-elle vraiment un parti d'extrême gauche ? |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20220623.OBS60092/la-france-insoumise-est-elle-vraiment-un-parti-d-extreme-gauche.html |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Le Nouvel Obs |language=fr}}</ref> According to Aurélien Dubuisson, an associate researcher at the Sciences Po Historical Centre and author of ''The Far Left in France'' published by the Blaise Pascal University Press, defining La France Insoumise as far-left is "a mistake that has been made in recent years, especially by the right wing of the political spectrum". Dubuisson cites [[François Mitterrand]]'s programme from 1981, which he said would be considered "the worst extremist of the moment. But in 1981, the political context was different, it was permeated by left-wing themes."<ref>{{cite web |last=Martin |first=Elise |date=14 June 2024 |title=Pourquoi c'est faux de dire que LFI est un parti d'extrême gauche ? |url=https://www.20minutes.fr/politique/4096310-20240614-elections-legislatives-2024-pourquoi-faux-dire-lfi-parti-extreme-gauche |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=20minutes.fr |language=fr}}</ref> According to both Dubuisson and Lefebvre, the programme of La France Insoumise is no more radical than Mitterand's.<ref>{{cite web |last=Otter |first=Margaux |date=13 June 2024 |title=Législatives 2024 {{!}} La France insoumise (LFI) de Jean-Luc Mélenchon est-il un parti d'extrême gauche comme le dit Emmanuel Macron ? |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20240613.OBS89734/la-france-insoumise-est-il-un-parti-d-extreme-gauche.html |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Le Nouvel Obs |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Desseauve |first=Rodolphe |date=13 June 2024 |title=LFI est-il vraiment un parti d'extrême gauche, comme le dit Emmanuel Macron ? |url=https://fr.news.yahoo.com/lfi-est-il-vraiment-un-parti-dextreme-gauche-comme-le-dit-emmanuel-macron-123403998.html |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Yahoo News |language=fr}}</ref>

The drawing up of the programme was coordinated by economist Jacques Généreux and lawyer Charlotte Girard.<ref name="humanite1">{{cite web|url=https://www.humanite.fr/jean-luc-melenchon-et-ses-insoumis-au-travail-sur-un-programme-607932|title=Jean-Luc Mélenchon et ses " insoumis " au travail sur un programme|date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/politique/1942955-20161015-convention-france-insoumise-melenchon-experimente-autres-formes-participation-politique|title=Convention de "La France insoumise": Mélenchon expérimente d'autres formes de participation politique|date=15 October 2016}}</ref> It drew its inspiration from {{Lang|fr|L'Humain d'abord}} ({{Translation|Human First}}), the programme of the [[Left Front (France)|Left Front]] during the [[2012 French presidential election]], from work carried out by the PG during its conventions on [[eco-socialism]] and summits for a "plan B in Europe", and from contributions from supporters of the movement,<ref name="humanite1"/> which the rapporteurs were asked to synthesize. At the end of the Lille Convention, a synthesis of all the proposals resulted in a programme of seven axioms and 357 measures. It was adopted by more than 90% of voters.<ref name="humanite.fr1" /> The movement proposes "ten emblematic measures", approved during the Lille Convention, calling for four main "emergencies" to be addressed: the democratic emergency, the social emergency, the ecological emergency, and the geo-political emergency.<ref name="humanite.fr1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2017/03/14/2535490-une-centaine-de-personnes-pour-la-france-insoumise.html|title=Une centaine de personnes pour la France Insoumise|date=14 March 2017}}</ref> Adopted by 77,038 votes in an Internet poll, these ten measures are:<ref name="humanite.fr1" />
* The formation of a [[constituent assembly]] tasked with writing the [[constitution]] of a [[proposed French Sixth Republic]] to succeed the [[French Fifth Republic]]. Members of the movement consider the Fifth Republic to be a "[[Elective monarchy|presidential monarchy]]", in which too much power is concentrated in the office of the [[President of France|President of the Republic]], with the people unable to exercise control over its actions. This constitutional process could also consider alternative forms of legislative elections, such as [[proportional representation]]. Constitutional and therefore institutional change is considered fundamental by the movement, which sees decreasing electoral turnout as a rejection by French people of their institutional system.
* The repeal of the [[El Khomri law]] (labour reform passed in 2016 by the [[Second Valls government]]) which the movement believes has ended the "hierarchy of standards" in [[French labour law]] by reversing the "principle of favour" and thus not sufficiently protecting workers.
* The "democratic re-founding" of the [[Treaties of the European Union|European Union treaties]] including changes in [[monetary policy]], [[common agricultural policy]], and [[Environmental policy of the European Union|environmental policy]]. Failing this, the program envisages a "Plan B" of unilateral exit from European treaties, followed by proposing further cooperation between countries.
* The implementation of an [[energy transition]] plan towards a target of [[100% renewable energy]] in 2050, following the studies of the [[Association négaWatt]] and the public and interdepartmental agency of the environment and the control of the energy (ADEME). This transition involves [[Nuclear power phase-out|shutting down France's nuclear power plants]], criticised by the movement for their dependence on [[uranium]] supply, their alleged lack of [[Nuclear safety and security|safety]], their radioactive waste management and their financial cost.
* The establishment of a "green rule" not to deprive nature more than can be replenished, nor produce more than it can bear, which the movement would propose during the constituent assembly process for inclusion in the new constitution.
* The right to dismiss elected representatives by [[recall election]] when they break campaign promises, or otherwise breach standards. The movement also wishes to propose this measure during the constituent assembly process.
* The protection of [[Common good (economics)|common goods]] such as air, water, food, living, health, energy, or currency by preventing their commodification in order to preserve the general interest and by developing corresponding public services.
* The separation of [[Merchant bank|investment]] and [[retail banks]] aimed at separating speculative activities from lend and deposit activities in order to protect the latter and the creation of a public banking center, which would finance [[small and medium-sized enterprises]] (SMEs) and carry out credit policy on social and ecological criteria.
* Raising the minimum wage (called "SMIC") from 1,149 to 1,326 euros per month net for 35-hour weeks and raising civil servant salaries frozen since 2010.
* Withdrawal from free trade agreements such as the [[Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership]] (TTIP) and the [[Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]] (CETA).<ref name="laDepeche">{{cite web|title=Les insoumis croient en la victoire|url=http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2016/10/24/2445272-les-insoumis-croient-en-la-victoire.html|publisher=laDepeche.fr|date=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Les-10-premieres-mesures-du-programme-de-Melenchon-817699|title=Les 10 premières mesures du programme de Mélenchon|date=16 October 2016}}</ref>

Other proposals include withdrawing from the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) to avoid French involvement in wars waged by the United States and thus only to act within the framework of the [[United Nations]] (UN); reinforcing the 35-hour work-week and moving towards 32 hours; and reducing the retirement age to 60.<ref name="humanite.fr1"/><ref name="laDepeche"/> This programme, named {{Lang|fr|L'Avenir en commun}} ({{Translation|A Shared Future}}), was published by the [[Éditions du Seuil]] on 1 December 2016. It is based around seven axioms: a Sixth Republic; [[distribution of wealth]]; environmental planning; withdrawal from European treaties; peace and independence; human progress; and "on the borders of humanity" (ocean,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberation.fr/elections-presidentielle-legislatives-2017/2017/03/22/melenchon-prend-la-mer_1557053|title=Mélenchon prend la mer|date=22 March 2017}}</ref> space, and digital); thematic booklets, deepening the proposals of the movement, have also been published as the campaign progressed. The book rapidly entered the top 10 best-seller list by 9 December, with 110,000 copies printed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.europe1.fr/politique/le-programme-de-jean-luc-melenchon-parmi-les-dix-meilleures-ventes-de-livres-2923136|title=Le programme de Jean-Luc Mélenchon parmi les dix meilleures ventes de livres|website=Europe 1|date=9 December 2016 }}</ref> It was the subject of an adaptation in digital comic strip, broadcast on the Internet.<ref>{{cite web|title=Le programme de Jean-Luc Mélenchon décliné en bande-dessinée|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2017/03/03/le-programme-de-jean-luc-melenchon-decline-en-bande-dessinee_a_21872736/|publisher=laDepeche.fr|date=3 March 2017|access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=avenirencommun.fr|title=Une BD sur l'Avenir en commun|url=https://avenirencommun.fr/bd/|access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref>

Candidates for the June 2017 legislative elections are 60% from civil society (have never been members or elected representatives of a political party), with an average age of around 43 years. The invested candidates have signed the charter of the movement<ref>{{cite web|title=Parité, jeunesse, société civile : à quoi ressemblent les candidats de la France insoumise ?|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/parite-jeunesse-societe-civile-a-quoi-ressemblent-les-candidats-de-la-france-insoumise-2977310|date=14 February 2017}}</ref> as well as the ethical charter of the independent association ''Anticor'', committed to ethics in politics, the fight against [[corruption]] and [[tax noncompliance]].<ref>{{cite web|title=DOCUMENT LCP – Jean-Luc Mélenchon veut des députés "insoumis" aux ordres|url=http://www.lcp.fr/actualites/document-lcp-jean-luc-melenchon-veut-des-deputes-insoumis-aux-ordres|date=3 November 2016|access-date=28 March 2017|archive-date=18 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118025815/http://www.lcp.fr/actualites/document-lcp-jean-luc-melenchon-veut-des-deputes-insoumis-aux-ordres|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beginning in late 2018, Mélenchon and the leadership of La France Insoumise made a significant shift by abandoning their sovereigntist and ultra-secularist stances. This decision led to the expulsion of key members,{{who|date=August 2024}} marking a clear change in the party's ideological direction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marianne.net/politique/melenchon-bannit-cocq-les-enseignements-tres-politiques-d-une-querelle-entre-insoumis|title=Mélenchon bannit Cocq : les enseignements très politiques d'une querelle entre Insoumis|first=Hadrien|last=Mathoux|date=8 January 2019|website=www.marianne.net}}</ref> The 2022 {{Lang|fr|L'Avenir en commun}} programme for the Popular Union includes a number of proposals, such as finding an alternative to capitalism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://laec.fr/section/51/faire-la-societe-de-lentraide-generaliser-leconomie-sociale-solidaire-et-cooperative|title=Faire la société de l'entraide : généraliser l'économie sociale, solidaire et coopérative|website=LAEC.fr}}</ref>

== Organisation ==
Unlike a classical political party, the organisation is not fixed. Supporters' groups, small committees responsible for promoting Mélenchon's candidacy at a local level, have been established all over France and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jlm2017.fr/carte|title=Carte des événements et des groupes d'appui – JLM 2017|first=Jean-Luc|last=Mélenchon|date=28 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://94.citoyens.com/2016/pres-de-20-comites-de-soutien-a-jean-luc-melenchon-en-val-de-marne,23-03-2016.html|title=20 comités de soutien à Jean-Luc Mélenchon en Val-de-Marne – 94 Citoyens|date=23 March 2016}}</ref>

=== Affiliated parties ===
* [[Rézistans Égalité 974]] (''on [[Réunion]]'')
* [[Left Party (France)|Left Party]]
* [[Ensemble!]]
* [[Independent Workers' Party]] (since 2021)
* [[Picardie debout]]

== 2017 presidential campaign ==
{{main|2017 French presidential election}}
The 2017 presidential campaign was directed by Manuel Bompard, national secretary of the PG, its spokesperson was [[Alexis Corbière]], former [[councillor of Paris]] and also national secretary of the PG and its coordinators were Charlotte Girard, lecturer in public law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] and [[Jacques Généreux]], lecturer in economy at the [[Paris Institute of Political Studies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/10/16/melenchon-veut-ouvrir-les-bras-aux-millions-de-personnes-qui-ne-savent-plus-ou-elles-en-sont_1522327|title=Mélenchon veut "ouvrir les bras aux millions de personnes qui ne savent plus où elles en sont"|work=Liberation}}</ref>

On 15 November 2016, Mélenchon held a meeting at Le Manège conference centre in [[Chambéry]]. Another similar meeting was held on 29 November at the {{ill|Théâtre Femina (Bordeaux)|fr||lt=Théâtre Femina}} in [[Bordeaux]]. This meeting was attended by 1,100 people, with several hundred more people outside unable to fit into the theatre.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/11/30/jean-luc-melenchon-se-veut-le-candidat-anti-fillon_5040773_4854003.html|title=Jean-Luc Mélenchon se veut le candidat anti-Fillon|first=Alain|last=Beuve-Méry|date=30 November 2016|work=Le Monde}}</ref> Another large meeting took place on 18 March 2017 in [[Place de la Bastille]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.publicsenat.fr/lcp/politique/vous-nous-manquez-venez-lance-melenchon-pc-1526760|title=" Vous nous manquez, venez ! " lance Mélenchon au PC|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

La France Insoumise was polling at 11.5% a month before the first vote.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 March 2017 |title=Rolling 2017. L'élection présidentielle en temps réel. |url=http://dataviz.ifop.com:8080/IFOP_ROLLING/IFOP_21-03-2017.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328230822/http://dataviz.ifop.com:8080/IFOP_ROLLING/IFOP_21-03-2017.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2017 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=Dataviz.ifop.com}}</ref> Mélenchon received 19.58% in the ballot, finishing fourth and not reaching the final round by a few hundred thousand votes;<ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2022 |title=For Jean-Luc Mélenchon, a defeat on the cusp of the second round has turned into something of a victory |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/04/11/for-jean-luc-melenchon-a-defeat-on-the-cusp-of-the-second-round-has-turned-into-something-of-a-victory_5980298_5.html |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=Le Monde}}</ref> despite this, Mélenchon was the most voted candidate of the [[French left]], eclipsing the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] candidate [[Benoît Hamon]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kuhn |first=Raymond |date=2 October 2022 |title=Wither the French left? |journal=Modern & Contemporary France |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=461–477 |doi=10.1080/09639489.2022.2137484 |issn=0963-9489|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== 2022 presidential campaign ==
{{Main|2022 French presidential election}}
In November 2020, Mélenchon announced his intention to run for the 2022 presidential election. He conditioned his candidacy to a petition put online by his La France Insoumise party. After winning the threshold of 150,000 signatures, he formally became the party's candidate for the election. In the first round of voting, Mélenchon garnered 7.7 million votes, [[2022 French presidential election#Results|coming in third]] among twelve candidates with 22% of the vote, behind president [[Emmanuel Macron]] in first place with 28%, and narrowly behind [[Marine Le Pen]] with 23% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.resultats-elections.interieur.gouv.fr/presidentielle-2022/FE.html |title=Election présidentielle 2022 |website=Ministere de l'Intérieur |access-date=11 April 2022 |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410234004/https://www.resultats-elections.interieur.gouv.fr/presidentielle-2022/FE.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
On 25 March 2018, Stéphane Poussier, former candidate of La France Insoumise in the 2017 legislative elections, was placed in police custody for glorifying terrorist acts. He posted on [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]], comments welcoming the death of Lieutenant Colonel [[Arnaud Beltrame]], who was killed in a [[Carcassonne and Trèbes attack|hostage situation in Trèbes]]. He was immediately expelled from the [[Left Party (France)|Left Party]], of which he was a member, and his name was removed from the "platform" of La France Insoumise<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-25 |title=Attaque de Trèbes: Stéphane Poussier arrêté pour apologie d'actes de terrorisme |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/calvados/attaque-trebes-stephane-poussier-arrete-apologie-actes-terrorisme-1446875.html |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=France 3 Normandie |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

== Political support ==
La France Insoumise is not a coalition of political parties; however, several political parties, branches or individuals announced their support for the movement once its programme had been agreed and its candidate chosen, including the [[Left Party (France)|Left Party]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/comment-melenchon-chapeaute-sa-france-insoumise-ce-week-end-1048053.html|title=Comment Mélenchon chapeaute sa " France insoumise " ce week-end|work=BFMTV}}</ref> the Socialistes Insoumis,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2016/03/22/melenchon-le-candidat-de-la-raison_1441281/|title=Mélenchon : le candidat de la raison|first=Par un collectif d'anciens membres du|last=PS|website=Libération}}</ref> [[Ensemble!]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.humanite.fr/ensemble-soutient-jean-luc-melenchon-sans-integrer-la-france-insoumise-626543|title=Ensemble ! soutient Jean-Luc Mélenchon sans intégrer La France insoumise|date=21 November 2016}}</ref> the [[French Communist Party]], the [[Pole of Communist Revival in France]], and some elected officials and leaders of the [[Europe Ecology – The Greens]] (EELV). These organizations are not themselves parts of the movement. As of 2017, it had a membership of 540,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Partis politiques: les vrais chiffres des adhérents|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/ps/partis-politiques-les-vrais-chiffres-des-adherents_2473260.html|publisher=franceinfo|date=17 November 2017|access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Components of the Left Front ===
The [[Left Party (France)|Left Party]], of which Mélenchon is a member, is the main political force involved in the movement. Several of its executives are organizing the campaign. The French Communist Party (PCF) is split on support for the movement. The party's national conference rejected a motion of support for Mélenchon by 55% on 5 November 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/la-conference-nationale-du-pcf-refuse-le-ralliement-a-melenchon-pour-2017--05-11-2016-2081028_20.php|title=Mélenchon : un insoumis "exaspérant"|work=Le Point|date=5 November 2016}}</ref> but party members voted three weeks later in favour of support, by 53.6%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/presidentielle-2017-les-militants-communistes-votent-a-53-6-en-faveur-d-un-soutien-a-melenchon-7785994332|title=Les communistes votent en faveur d'un soutien à Mélenchon en 2017|website=www.rtl.fr|date=26 November 2016 }}</ref> Several executive members of the French Communist Party, including president [[Pierre Laurent (politician)|Pierre Laurent]] and deputy [[Marie-George Buffet]], have endorsed his candidacy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/06/28/marie-george-buffet-pousse-ses-troupes-chez-melenchon_1462636/|title=Marie-George Buffet pousse ses troupes chez Mélenchon|first=Rachid|last=Laïreche|website=Libération}}</ref>

In November 2016, [[Ensemble!]], the third component of the Left Front coalition, also announced its support for the movement as 72% of its activists had voted in favour. They had been given the choice of three options: to support Mélenchon and work on a common framework (42% of the votes), to participate more directly in the campaign of La France Insoumise (30%) or to reject "at this stage" any support for Mélenchon (25%);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.humanite.fr/ensemble-soutient-jean-luc-melenchon-sans-integrer-la-france-insoumise-626543 |title=Ensemble ! soutient Jean-Luc Mélenchon sans intégrer La France insoumise |language=fr |publisher=L'Humanité |date=27 March 2017 |access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> however, the PCF and Ensemble! have chosen to lead "autonomous campaigns", maintaining their independence from the movement. Both parties print leaflets and posters and organize meetings without being associated with the political decisions of the campaign.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/04/11/les-histoires-de-sous-du-pcf-et-de-melenchon_5109662_4854003.html |title=Frais de campagne : Mélenchon et le PCF n'ont pas encore trouvé d'accord |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |publisher=Lemonde.fr |date=14 April 2017 |access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref>

=== Europe Ecology – The Greens dissidents ===
In December 2016, the Social Ecology Co-Operative, whose members include political figures from [[Europe Ecology – The Greens]] (EELV), such as EELV federal councillor Francine Bavay, and [[Sergio Coronado]], member of the National Assembly for French residents overseas, called for the endorsement of Mélenchon's candidacy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/021216/le-choix-de-l-insoumission|title=Le choix de l'insoumission|first=Les Invités De|last=Mediapart|website=Club de Mediapart|date=2 December 2016}}</ref> In February 2017, [[Yannick Jadot]] (the candidate nominated by the EELV Party presidential primary) withdrew in favour of [[Benoît Hamon]] (PS) on the basis of an agreement not approved by party members. Some EELV members, including elected representatives, then endorsed La France Insoumise.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/melenchon/yannick-jadot-nous-a-trahis-la-colere-de-certains-militants-eelv-apres-l-accord-avec-benoit-hamon_2071157.html|title=''"Yannick Jadot nous a trahis": la colère de certains militants EELV après l'accord avec Benoît Hamon''|date=24 February 2017}}</ref>

On 10 March, 27 environmentalists, including MP Sergio Coronado, activists, local officials, candidates for the June legislative elections, and members of the EELV Federal Council, announced that they would not support Hamon in the first round of the presidential election but La France Insoumise instead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2017/03/10/le-depute-eelv-sergio-coronado-choisit-melenchon-plutot-que-hamo/|title=''Le député EELV Sergio Coronado choisit Mélenchon plutôt que Hamon''|date=10 March 2017}}</ref> They pointed to the fact that Hamon "needs a strong Socialist Party for his campaign" whereas "the hope of an environmentalist left requires instead to get rid of it", criticised [[François Hollande]]'s five-year term, and suggested that the integration of political ecology into candidates' programs is "recent and inconsistent" for Hamon, while "deep and lasting" for Mélenchon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reporterre.net/Des-ecologistes-d-EELV-choisissent-La-France-insoumise-et-Melenchon|title=''Des écologistes d'EELV choisissent La France insoumise et Mélenchon''|date=10 March 2017}}</ref>

On 12 April, seven EELV federal councillors endorsed Mélenchon rather than Hamon. They noted that if Hamon won the presidency and a parliamentary majority, "the majority would be composed of those who have up to the end supported the policies of François Hollande and [[Manuel Valls]]", adding: "Who would think that a Socialist Party majority defending Hollande's five-year term would legislate in favour of a radically different social and environmental platform?"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.martine-billard.fr/post/2017/04/12/Tribune-:-%C3%89cologistes-et-membres-du-Conseil-f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral-d-%C3%89ELV-nous-voterons-Jean-Luc-M%C3%A9lenchon |title=''Tribune: Écologistes et membres du Conseil fédéral d'ÉELV nous voterons Jean-Luc Mélenchon'' |publisher=Martine-billard.fr|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> On 14 April, [[Éric Piolle]], EELV mayor of [[Grenoble]], also endorsed La France Insoumise.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/04/14/eric-piolle-je-voterai-melenchon-pour-encourager-le-rassemblement-de-la-gauche_5111523_4854003.html |title=''Eric Piolle: "Je voterai Mélenchon pour encourager le rassemblement de la gauche"''|newspaper=Le Monde|language=fr|date=14 April 2017|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref>

== Election results ==
=== Presidential ===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+[[President of the French Republic]]
! rowspan="2" |Election year
! rowspan="2" |Candidate
! colspan="3" |1st round
! colspan="3" | 2nd round
! rowspan="2" |Winning Candidate
|-
!Votes
!%
!Rank
!Votes
!%
!Rank
|-
![[2017 French presidential election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]]
|7,059,951 
|19.58
|{{no|4th}}
|colspan=3 {{N/A}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Emmanuel Macron]]
|-
![[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
|7,712,520
|21.95
|{{no|3rd}}
|colspan=3 {{N/A}}
|}

=== Legislative ===
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+[[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]
!rowspan=2|Election
!rowspan=2|Leader
!colspan=2|Votes <small>(first round)</small>
!colspan=2|Seats
!rowspan=2|Result
!rowspan=2|Notes
|-
!style="width:100px"|No.
!style="width:50px"|%
!style="width:50px"|No.
!style="width:50px"|±
|-
![[2017 French legislative election|2017]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]]
|2,497,622
|11.03
|style="text-align:right;"|{{composition bar compact|17|577|{{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{no2|Opposition}}
| 
|-
![[2022 French legislative election|2022]]
|3,142,354
|13.82
|style="text-align:right;"|{{composition bar compact|69|577|{{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
|{{Increase}} 52
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|In coalition with the [[Nouvelle Union Populaire écologiste et sociale|NUPES]]
|-
![[2024 French legislative election|2024]]
|[[Manuel Bompard]]
|9,042,485
|28.21%
|style="text-align:right;"|{{composition bar compact|74|577|{{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
|{{Increase}} 5
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|In coalition with the [[New Popular Front|NFP]]
|}

La France Insoumise did not participate in the [[Senate (France)|Senate]] elections until 2023 because of the election's electoral college-based system that would disfavor newly-created parties with few locally elected officials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2017/09/09/pourquoi-la-france-insoumise-fait-l-impasse-sur-les-senatoriales_1595107|title=Pourquoi La France insoumise fait l'impasse sur les sénatoriales|first=Laure|last=Equy|date=9 September 2017|website=Libération.fr}}</ref> For the 2023 elections, La France Insoumise unsuccessfully attempted to organize united lists with their [[NUPES]] partners before deciding to form their own lists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/politique/senatoriales-2023-quelles-consequences-pour-la-nupes-apres-lexclusion-des-insoumis-de-lalliance-entre-le-ps-eelv-et-le-pcf|title=Sénatoriales 2023 : quelles conséquences pour la Nupes après l'exclusion des insoumis de l'alliance entre le PS, EELV et le PCF ?|first=Stéphane|last=Duguet|date=23 August 2023|website=Public Sénat}}</ref>

=== European Parliament ===
{| class="wikitable"style="text-align:center"
! Election
! Leader
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/−
! EP Group
|-
! [[2019 European Parliament election in France|2019]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Manon Aubry]]
| 1,428,548
| 6.31 (#5)
| {{composition bar|6|79|{{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
| New
| rowspan="2" |[[The Left in the European Parliament - GUE/NGL|The Left]]
|-
! [[2024 European Parliament election in France|2024]]{{efn|Run in a joint list with [[Independent Workers' Party|POI]], [[Ecological Revolution for the Living|REV]], [[Eco-socialist Left|GES]], [[Péyi-A]] and [[For Réunion|PLR]], that won 9 seats in total.}}
| 2,432,976
| 9.87 (#4)
| {{composition bar|9|81|{{party color|La France Insoumise}}}}
| {{increase}} 3
|}

== See also ==
* [[La France Insoumise group]]
* [[List of political parties in France]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist |refs=
{{efn|name="France Unbowed"|{{lang|fr|La France Insoumise}}, usually rendered in English as "France Unbowed", is sometimes given as "Unsubmissive France" (a literal translation), or rarely as "Rebellious France" and others.<ref>{{cite web |last=Damiani |first=Marco |date=22 April 2017 |title=The transformation of Jean-Luc Mélenchon: From radical outsider to populist leader |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/04/22/the-transformation-of-jean-luc-melenchon/ |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=LSE Blogs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mullen |first=John |date=2 March 2022 |title=Elections and Class Struggle in France: How useful is Jean-Luc Mélenchon? (Part One) |url=https://www.theleftberlin.com/elections-and-class-struggle-in-france-how-useful-is-jean-luc-melenchon-part-one/ |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=The Left Berlin}}</ref>
}}
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://lafranceinsoumise.fr/}}

{{French political parties}}
{{European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet}}
{{Portal bar|Socialism}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:La France Insoumise| ]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Alter-globalization]]
[[Category:Democratic socialist parties in Europe]]
[[Category:Eco-socialist parties]]
[[Category:Green political parties in France]]
[[Category:Eurosceptic parties in France]]
[[Category:Far-left politics in France]]
[[Category:Left-wing nationalist parties]]
[[Category:Left-wing populism in France]]
[[Category:Opposition to neoliberalism]]
[[Category:Party of the European Left observer parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2016]]
[[Category:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in France]]
[[Category:Jean-Luc Mélenchon]]

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