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'''John Rolph''' (4 March 1793 – 19 October 1870) was a Canadian physician, lawyer, and political figure. As a politician, he was considered the leader of the [[Reform movement (Upper Canada)|Reform faction in the 1820s]] and helped plan the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]]. As a doctor, he founded several medical schools and incorporated new teaching techniques and medical procedures into his lectures. However, his actions against rival medical schools decreased public confidence in the ability of medical professionals to regulate themselves.
 
Rolph grew up in England and was educated in medicine and law. He immigrated to [[Upper Canada]] in 1813 and lived on his father's farm in [[Port Talbot, Ontario|Port Talbot]], where he practisedpracticed law and medicine concurrently and opened a medical school called the Talbot Dispensary. In 1824, Rolph was elected to the [[9th Parliament of Upper Canada|Parliament of Upper Canada]] and returned to England to petition the [[Colonial Office]] to allow the [[naturalization]] of American citizens in Canada. He was elected as an [[alderman]] to [[Toronto]]'s first city council, though he resigned after his council colleagues did not select him to be the city's mayor.
 
[[William Lyon Mackenzie]] persuaded Rolph to support the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837. When the rebellion began, Rolph did not join the rebels at their headquarters and the Lieutenant Governor appointed him as his emissary to deliver the government's offer of a truce. Rolph fled to the US after the rebellion and focused on practising and teaching medicine. The Canadian government granted him amnesty and he returned to Canada in 1843, later creating a new medical institution called the Rolph School in Toronto. In 1851 he was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada]] and focused on his political career; upon the formation of the Morin-MacNab administration three years later, Rolph's priority returned to running his school. He retired as dean of his medical school in 1870 and died later that year after suffering a [[stroke]].