Glycemic load: Difference between revisions

 

The GI was invented in 1981 by Dr Thomas Wolever and Dr David Jenkins at the University of Toronto and is a measure of how quickly a food containing 25 or 50&nbsp;grams of carbohydrate raises blood-glucose levels. Because some foods typically have a low carbohydrate content, Harvard researchers created the GL, which takes into account the amount of carbohydrates in a given serving of a food and so provides a more useful measure. Liu et al. were the first to show that based on their calculation, the glycemic load of a specific food—calculated as the product of that food's carbohydrate content and its glycemic index value—has direct physiologic meaning in that each unit can be interpreted as the equivalent of 1 g carbohydrate from white bread (or glucose depending on the reference used in determining the glycemic index).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, Hennekens CH, Manson JE | year = 2000 | title = A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women | url = | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 71 | issue = 6| pages = 1455–61 | pmid = 10837285 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1455| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Ford ES, Liu S | year = 2001 | title = Glycemic index and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration among us adults | url = | journal = JAMA Intern Med | volume = 161 | issue = 4| pages = 572–76 | pmid = 11252117 | doi=10.1001/archinte.161.4.572| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | author = Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Holmes MD, Hu FB, Hankinson SE, Willett WC | year = 2001 | title = Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women | url = | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 73 | issue = 3| pages = 560–66 | pmid = 11237932 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/73.3.560| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal | author = Liu S, Manson JE, Buring JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ridker PM | date = Mar 2002 | title = Relation between a diet with a high glycemic load and plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in middle-aged women | url = | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 75 | issue = 3| pages = 492–98 | pmid = 11864854 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/75.3.492| doi-access = free }}</ref> It became immediately apparent that such direct physiological quantification of glycemic load would allow patients with diabetes to do “glycemic load” counting as opposed to the conventional “carbohydrate counting” for monitoring the glycemic effect of foods.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB | date = Aug 2004 | title = Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women | url = | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 80 | issue = 2| pages = 348–56 | pmid = 15277155 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/80.2.348| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Qi L, Rimm E, Liu S, Rifai N, Hu FB | date = May 2005 | title = Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, cereal fiber, and plasma adiponectin concentration in diabetic men | url = | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 28 | issue = 5| pages = 1022–28 | pmid = 15855561 | doi=10.2337/diacare.28.5.1022| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/> The concept of glycemic load addresses the concern about rating foods as good or bad solely on the basis of their glycemic index. For example, although the glycemic index for carrots is reported to be as high as 1,31 times that of white bread, the glycemic load for one serving of carrots is small because the amount of carbohydrate in one serving of carrots is minimal (≈7 g carbohydrate). Indeed, ≈700 g carrots (which provides 50 g carbohydrate) must be eaten to produce an incremental glucose response 1.31 times that of 100 g white bread (which also contains 50 g carbohydrate)

 

==List of foods and their glycemic load for 100g serving==