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{{short description|Italian sculptor}}
{{more footnotes neededRefimprove|date=JulyAugust 20132023}}
 
'''Benedetto Antelami''' (c. 1150 – c. 1230)<ref name=Brit>"Antelami, Benedetto" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 441.</ref> was an Italian architect and [[sculpture|sculptor]] of the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] school, whose "sculptural style sprang from local north Italian traditions that can be traced back to [[late antiquity]]".<ref>Florens Deuchler, "Introducing Nicholas of Verdun", ''The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin'' New Series, '''28'''.6 (February 1970, pp. 229-231), p 230.</ref> LittleHe is chiefly known aboutfor histhree life.carved Hedoorways was probably originally from [[Lombardy]], perhaps born in Val d'Intelvi, near [[Como]]. It is believed fromand the [[Provence|Provençal]]allegorical stylefigures ofand his artprophets that he served as an apprentice at [[Saint-Trophime d'Arles]]. In 1178 he was at work atdecorate the [[Parma CathedralBaptistery]], where, in the right [[transept]], he executed a [[bas-relief]] of the [[Stations of the Cross|Deposition]] from the Cross. His name and the date are inscribed in the work, which, in addition to the Provençal element, shows both [[Classical antiquity|classical]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] influence.▼
 
==Life==
[[Image:AntelamiDeposition.jpg|thumb|220px|''Deposition'', 1178 (Duomo of Parma).]]
Little is known about his life. He was probably originally from [[Lombardy]], perhaps born in Val d'Intelvi, near [[Como]] or in [[Genoa]], where a group of artists originally from the Intelvi Valley operated in the 12th century. "Antelami" is not a surname, but a place-name used to denote skilled workers in sculpture and stone working from the Intelvi Valley just north of Como.<ref name=epoca>[https://www.diocesifidenza.it/cattedrale/benedetto-antelami/ "L’epoca di Benedetto Antelami", Diocesi di Fidenza]</ref> It is believed from the [[Provence|Provençal]] style of his art that he served as an apprentice at [[Saint-Trophime d'Arles]].
 
===Parma===
His earliest recorded work is at [[Parma Cathedral]], where in 1178 he executed a [[bas-relief]] of the [[Stations of the Cross|Deposition]] from the Cross, originally was part of the [[Pulpit|ambo]].<ref name=welcome>[https://www.parmawelcome.it/en/place/discover-parma/history-and-characters/characters/antelami-b-enedetto/ "Benedetto Antelami", Welcome Parma, Comune di Parma]</ref> His name and the date are inscribed in the work, which, in addition to the Provençal element, shows both [[Classical antiquity|classical]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] influence.
 
[[Image:Citole, rosette (ca. 1180) by Benedetto Antelami, Parma.jpg|thumb|220px|alt=Benedetto Antelami, Citole, 1180|[[Citole]] player, Baptistry of Parma, c. 1180]]
Later, in 1196, he was working with the sculptural decoration of the [[Baptistry of Parma]], a building of which he was probably also the architect.<ref name=welcome/> Here, between 1196 and 1214, he made the [[lunette]]s of the three portals: on the outside portraying the [[Adoration of the Magi in Art|Adoration of the Magi]], the [[Last Judgement]] and an [[allegory]] of life, on the inside the [[Flight into Egypt]], the [[Presentation at the Temple]] and [[David]] playing the harp.
[[Image:Milano - Castello sforzesco - Bottega antelamica - sec. XII - I re magi - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 6-1-2007 - 01.jpg|thumb|220px|alt=Adoration of the Magi|''[[Three Wise Men]]'', Museo d'Arte Antica in Milan.]]▼
▲'''Benedetto Antelami''' (c. 1150 – c. 1230)<ref name=Brit>"Antelami, Benedetto" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 441.</ref> was an Italian architect and [[sculpture|sculptor]] of the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] school, whose "sculptural style sprang from local north Italian traditions that can be traced back to [[late antiquity]]".<ref>Florens Deuchler, "Introducing Nicholas of Verdun", ''The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin'' New Series, '''28'''.6 (February 1970, pp. 229-231), p 230.</ref> Little is known about his life. He was probably originally from [[Lombardy]], perhaps born in Val d'Intelvi, near [[Como]]. It is believed from the [[Provence|Provençal]] style of his art that he served as an apprentice at [[Saint-Trophime d'Arles]]. In 1178 he was at work at the [[Parma Cathedral]], where, in the right [[transept]], he executed a [[bas-relief]] of the [[Stations of the Cross|Deposition]] from the Cross. His name and the date are inscribed in the work, which, in addition to the Provençal element, shows both [[Classical antiquity|classical]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] influence.
 
Later, in 1196, he was working with the sculptural decoration of the [[Baptistry of Parma]], a building of which he was probably also the architect. Here, between 1196 and 1214, he made the [[lunette]]s of the three portals: on the outside portraying the [[Adoration of the Magi in Art|Adoration of the Magi]], the [[Last Judgement]] and an [[allegory]] of life, on the inside the [[Flight into Egypt]], the [[Presentation at the Temple]] and [[David]] playing the harp. Also on the interiors can be seen [[alto-relievo]] personifications of the months and the seasons. These were probably intended for a portal on the facade of the Cathedral, but the work was interrupted by Antelami’s death.
 
There are remarkable stylistic similarities with figures on the outer arch of the [[north porch]]",<ref>John James, "Un sculpteur Chartrain en Italie", ' 'Bulletin de la société archéologique d'Eure-et-Loir' ', xxxiv 1998, 124-128.</ref> at Chartres cathedral in France in 1213. Presumably,His hetrademark went travelling in his 50s, andis thisrelief openscarvings theemphasizing possibilitydesign thatby moremeans of hisdrapery workdetails mayon beelongate foundfigures alongand thetight roads he may have takencompositions.<ref name=welcome/>
 
▲[[Image:Milano - Castello sforzesco - Bottega antelamica - sec. XII - I re magi - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 6-1-2007 - 01.jpg|thumb|220px|alt=Adoration of the Magi|''[[Three Wise Men]]'', Museo d'Arte Antica in Milan.]]
Benedetto's sculpture is also to be found in the [[Fidenza Cathedral]], dedicated to Saint [[Domninus of Fidenza]].
===Borgo San Donnino===
Presumably, he went traveling in his 50s, and this opens the possibility that more of his work may be found along the roads he may have taken. Benedetto's sculpture is also to be found in the [[Fidenza Cathedral|Cattedrale di San Donnino]], dedicated to Saint [[Domninus of Fidenza]] in [[Fidenza]]. Definitely to be attributed to Antelami is the construction of the lower and middle part of the Cathedral's facade, a facade that in the Antelamic project also included the two side towers, confirming that Antelami's plan is a French one. The lower facade includes a cycle of sculptures made largely by the workshop of Antelami between the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Antelami completed his portion of the work on the cathedral in 1207.<ref>[https://www.diocesifidenza.it/cattedrale/la-cattedrale-nella-storia/ "Cattedrale", Diocesi di Fidenza]</ref>
 
The main west door of the [[Basilica di San Marco (Venice)|Basilica di San Marco]], Venice, is also attributed by some to Antelami or his school,{{cn|date=August 2023}} and the current replacement version of the [[Holy Face of Lucca]] (the ''Volto Santo'') is ascribed to his circle.
 
==References==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetto_Antelami"