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{{Cleanup rewrite|date=September 2024}}
'''Aban Tribunal''', otherwise referred to as '''Iran Atrocities Tribunal''', was an [[People's Tribunal|international people’s tribunal]] that sought to investigate whether crimes against humanity were committed during the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests|November 2019 nationwide protests]] in Iran. The tribunal was formed by three human rights and civil society NGOs, [[Justice for Iran]], [[Iran Human Rights]] and Together Against the Death Penalty (EPCM).
 
The tribunal took place across two separate sessions, in November 2022 and February 2023.
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On 15th of November 2019, the Iranian government announced a marked increase in fuel prices across Iran. This sparked a set of protests nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/16/protests-erupt-in-iran-after-government-raises-price-of-gas-by-50 |title=Iran supreme leader backs petrol price rises as protests spread |newspaper=The Guardian |date=17 November 2019 |last1=Wintour |first1=Patrick }}</ref> Within hours of protests starting, the government imposed an internet blackout across the country. The protests were quashed within a week.
 
International organisations, including [[Amnesty International]] and [[Reuters]], reported death tolls of 300 to 1,500 people.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Special Report: Iran’s leader ordered crackdown on unrest - 'Do whatever it takes to end it' |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/special-report-irans-leader-ordered-crackdown-on-unrest-do-whatever-it-takes-to-idUSL4N28X3B4/ |website=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> No official investigation into these deaths and other reported crimes was made.
 
In November 2020, a year after the protests, Aban Tribunal was established by three human rights organisations, Justice for Iran, Iran Human Rights and Together Against the Death Penalty (EPCM). There had been no official or independent investigations into the crimes committed in the week-long protests. The organisations felt that the victims and their families were being persecuted, while perpetrators of these crimes enjoyed total impunity.
 
The tribunal was set to take place the following year, but due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid-19 pandemic,]] and time constraints, it was pushed back to November 2022.
 
After the establishment of the tribunal, a public call was made on social media for any witnesses to come forward. The tribunal received more than 400 responses in total.
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===November 2022 session===
 
Aban Tribunal opened on 10th of November 2022 in London, and continued for four days.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2021 |title=Iran: People's tribunal on deadly protest crackdowns must serve as wake-up call for all UN member states |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/11/iran-people-tribunal-wake-up-call-un-member-states/#:~:text=An%20international%20“people's%20tribunal”%20which,for%20all%20UN%20member%20states%2C | titlewebsite=Iran: People's tribunal on deadly protest crackdowns must serve as wake-up call for all UN member states | date=11 November 2021 www.amnesty.org}}</ref> In this duration, the judges were presented with live testimonies. Most witnesses were in Iran and did not wish for their identity to be revealed. In many cases, the witnesses were asked to cover their faces and any identifying details, and their voices were distorted.
 
The witnesses ranged from family members of killed victims, those injured during the protests, passers-by, defected officials, as well as expert witnesses, including [[Shadi Sadr]], Bahar Saba and Mohammad Nayyeri.
 
The panel examined and questioned all live witnesses and the written statements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hearings Archives |url=https://abantribunal.com/category/hearings/ |titlewebsite=Hearings Archives abantribunal.com}}</ref>
 
The November session was broadcast live on Iran International TV and was open to the public. Both Persian and international media were in attendance and the event received great coverage.
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==Judgement==
The final judgement was delivered on 30th of September 2023 in London. The panel read their summary of the judgement to the public.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 2022 |title=AbanTribunal-Summary-Judgement_FINAL-release |url=https://abantribunal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AbanTribunal-Summary-Judgement_FINAL-release.pdf |website=abantribunal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2022 |title=Iran committed 'crimes against humanity' in 2019 crackdown: Lawyers |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220930-iran-committed-crimes-against-humanity-in-2019-crackdown-lawyers |titlewebsite=Iran committed 'crimes against humanity' in 2019 crackdown: Lawyers |date=30 September 2022 www.france24.com}}</ref>
 
The evidence was tried against accusations of crimes against humanity, encompassing murder, torture, sexual assault, false imprisonment and enforced disappearance of protestors and bystanders during the nationwide November 2019 protests.
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[[Category:Tribunals]]
{{improve categories|date=September 2024}}
[[Category:Human rights]]
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