Citicoline: Difference between revisions

Citicoline may enhance cellular communication by increasing levels of neurotransmitters.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL | title = Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update | journal = Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 28 | issue = Suppl B | pages = 1–56 | date = Sep 2006 | pmid = 17171187 }}</ref> The choline component of citicoline is used to create acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter in the human brain. Clinical trials have found that citicoline supplementation might improve focus and attention.<ref>{{Cite web|last vauthors = Tardner|first= P. |date=2020-08-30|title=The use of citicoline for the treatment of cognitive decline and cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of pharmacological literature • International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology|url=https://www.ijest.org/citicoline-cognitive-decline-ptardner-0820/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology|language=en-US}}</ref>

Citicoline has a very low toxicity profile in animals and humans. Clinically, doses of 2000&nbsp;mg per day have been observed and approved. Minor transient adverse effects are rare and most commonly include stomach pain and diarrhea.<ref name="Conant 2004" />{{ums|date=December 2017}} There have been suggestions that chronic citicoline use may have adverse psychiatric effects. However, a meta-analysis of the relevant literature does not support this hypothesis.<ref>{{Cite web|last vauthors = Tardner|first= P. |date=2020-08-28|title=Can Citicoline Cause Depression?: A review of the clinical literature • International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology|url=https://www.ijest.org/citicoline-depression-ptardner-0820/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citecite journal |last1 vauthors = Talih|first1=Farid|last2= F, Ajaltouni J |first2=Jean|date=2015| title = Probable Nootropicinduced Psychiatric Adverse Effects: A Series of Four Cases | journal = Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience | volume = 12 | issue =11–12 11-12 | pages = 21–25 |issn date =2158-8333|pmc=4756795 2015 | pmid = 27222762 | pmc = 4756795 }}</ref> At most, citicoline may exacerbate psychotic episodes or interact with antipsychotic medication.