[go: up one dir, main page]
Wikipedia

Volvo Modular engine

The Volvo Modular Engine is a family of straight-four, straight-five, and straight-six automobile piston engines that was produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde,[15] Sweden from 1990[16] until 2016. All engines feature an aluminium engine block and aluminium cylinder head, forged steel connecting rods, aluminium pistons and double overhead camshafts.[16]

Volvo Modular Engine
Overview
ManufacturerVolvo Cars
Production1990–2016[1]
Layout
ConfigurationI4, I5, I6
Displacement1.6 L – 2.9 L
Cylinder block materialAluminium
Cylinder head materialAluminium
ValvetrainDOHC
Combustion
Fuel systemFuel injection
Management
Fuel type
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Emissions
Emissions target standard
Emissions control systems
Chronology
Predecessor
Successor

History

edit

The Volvo Modular Engine was developed as part of Project Galaxy[17][18] which began in the late 1970s.[19][20] The prototype engines called X-100[21] had only four cylinders[22] but already featured the sandwich and all aluminium construction of the later production variants.[23][24] Early prototypes of the X-100 were designed similar to the existing redblock engines with a single camshaft and the oil filter mounted on the side of the engine rather than the bottom.[25]

The first available engine was the B6304F[26] which debuted in August 1990 in the Volvo 960.[16] A year later, with the introduction of the Volvo 850 in June 1991, the first five-cylinder variant in form of the B5254F[16][27][28] hit the market. It was equipped with V-VIS[29] (Volvo Variable Intake System) which was designed to improve engine response between 1500 and 4100 rpm. V-VIS was only available on naturally aspirated 20V engines with the Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management. The system was discontinued after model year 1996.[30][31] In 1995,[32] with the launch of the Volvo S40 the four-cylinder B4184S and B4204S engines[33] were released.[34] The same year Volvo shared the B4204S and B5244S engines with Renault, who used them in the Laguna and Safrane models under the name N7Q and N7U.
In 1998, with the introduction of the 1999 model year S80,[35] Volvo began to transition to updated versions of their N-series engines,[36] now called RN,[37][11] short for revised N.[38] Drive-by-wire, coil-on-plug systems and variable valve timing (VVT)[39] were introduced along with new engine management systems.[39][40] 10-valve engines were slowly phased out in favour of detuned 20-valve versions.[41]

With the introduction of the second generation S40 in 2003 another update to the engine family took place. The new engine was called RNC,[42][43] the 'C' standing for 'compact' to emphasise the decrease in overall dimensions. Compared to the previous generation the new engine was 200mm slimmer[nb 2] and 25mm shorter. On turbocharged engines the exhaust manifold and turbine housing were now combined into one part; all engines were equipped with plastic intake manifolds and continuously variable valve timing (CVVT).[44]
The RN engines remained in production alongside the RNC engines and were slowly phased out, beginning with the introduction of the second generation S80 in 2006. The new SI6 engine family[45] was introduced to replace the 6-cylinder variants of the Volvo Modular Engine at the same time.[46]

Nomenclature

edit

The engine codes consist of a series of letters and digits:

  • 1st: Fuel type (B/D/GB) B = Bensin (Petrol), D = Diesel, GB[47][nb 3] = Gas & Bensin
  • 2nd: Number of cylinders (4/5/6)
  • 3rd & 4th: Approximate displacement in deciliters, may be rounded up or down. (23 ~= 2.3 L)
  • 5th: Valves per cylinder (2/4)
  • 6th: Induction method (S/T/F/G/GS/FS/FT/SG) S = standard (naturally aspirated), T = turbocharged, F = fuel injection with catalytic converter, G[48] = leaded fuel compatible, GS[49] = leaded fuel compatible, naturally aspirated, FS = fuel injected standard (naturally aspirated) with catalytic converter, FT = fuel injected, turbocharged with catalytic converter, SG[50] = standard (naturally aspirated) compatible with alternative fuels (LPG / CNG)
  • 7th: Engine generation or engine variant (2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11)

Engine codes are not necessarily unique to a specific engine as power levels can vary depending on market, manufacturer and model.

Four-cylinder engines (B4)

edit

B4164 (1.6)

edit

B4164S

edit

The B4164S[51] is a 1.6 L (1,587 cc) straight-four.[51][52] Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp)[53] at 5500 rpm with 143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4200 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.1 engine management.[54]

Applications:

B4164S2

edit

The B4164S2[56] is a 1.6 L (1,587 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) at 5800 rpm with 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

B4184 (1.8)

edit

B4184S

edit

The B4184S[58] is a 1.8 L (1,731 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 80.0 mm (3.1 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp)[54] at 5500 rpm with 165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4100 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.1 engine management.[54]

Applications:

  • 1995–1999 Volvo S40 badged as S40 1.8 or S40 1.8 16V
  • 1995–1999 Volvo V40 badged as V40 1.8 or V40 1.8 16V

B4184S2

edit

The B4184S2 is a 1.8 L (1,783 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 82.4 mm (3.2 in). It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5800 rpm with 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

  • 1999–2004 Volvo S40 badged as S40 1.8i or S40 1.8i SE
  • 1999–2004 Volvo V40 badged as V40 1.8i or V40 1.8i SE

The S40 V40 1.8 also came with a Mitsubishi 4G93 gasoline direct-injection engine (GDI) These displace 1834 cc and were given type designation B4184SM and B4184SJ by Volvo. These engines bear no resemblance to the Volvo engines.

B4184S3

edit

The B4184S3 is a 1.8 L (1,783 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 82.4 mm (3.2 in). It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 116 PS (85 kW; 114 hp) at 5800 rpm with 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:

B4194 (1.9)

edit

B4194T

edit

The B4194T[59] is a 1.9 L (1,855 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5500 rpm with 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–3600 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens EMS 2000 engine management[60] and is equipped with a TD04L-14T turbocharger. There was also a B4194T2 variant.

Specifications:

  • Rod length: 139.5 mm (5.5 in)

Applications:

B4204 (1.9)

edit

The B4204 are 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-fours; although they are typically treated like 2-liter engines by Volvo in terms of nomenclature. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). Volvo also used the names B4204S3 and -S4 for the Mazda LF engine which was installed in a number of Volvos beginning in 2006, while the Ford-developed, turbocharged EcoBoost derivative was given the names B4204T6 and -T7 by Volvo.

B4204S

edit

The B4204S is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 6000 rpm with 183 N⋅m (135 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4500 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.1 engine management. Renault called this engine the N7Q when installed in their cars.

Applications:[61]

B4204S2

edit

The B4204S2 is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. It is naturally aspirated and features variable valve timing (VVT).

B4204T

edit

The B4204T is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp)[62] at 5100 rpm, and produces 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4800 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens EMS 2000 engine management[60] and is equipped with a TD04L-12T turbocharger.

Applications:

B4204T2

edit

The B4204T2 is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) at 5100 rpm[63] with 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft)[63] of torque at 1800–4800 rpm. It features variable valve timing (VVT).

Applications:[63]

B4204T3

edit

The B4204T3[64] is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) at 5250 rpm with 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4500 rpm. It features variable valve timing (VVT).

Applications:[65]

B4204T4

edit

The B4204T4[66][67] is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 172 PS (127 kW; 170 hp) at 5500 rpm[66] with 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm.[66] It is equipped with a TD04 12T turbocharger.

Applications:

B4204T5

edit

The B4204T5 is a 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-four.[70] Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in). It is turbocharged with the TD04L-15T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5500 rpm with 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2500–4000 rpm. It features variable valve timing (VVT).

For the B4204T6 and T7, see Ford EcoBoost.

Applications:[71]

Five-cylinder engines (B5)

edit

B5202/5204 (2.0)

edit

B5202S

edit

The B5202S[72] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 126 PS (93 kW; 124 hp) at 6250 rpm and produces 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4800 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:[73][74]

B5202FS

edit

The B5202FS is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 126 PS (93 kW; 124 hp) at 6250 rpm and produces 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4800 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

B5204S

edit

The B5204S[76] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in). It is naturally aspirated.

Applications:

B5204FS

edit

The B5204FS is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Compression ratio of 10.3:1.[77] It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) at 6500 rpm with 176 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3800 rpm.[77] It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management.

Applications:

B5204FT

edit

The B5204FT is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled.

Applications:

B5204T

edit

The B5204T[78] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp), and produces 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management. It was offered only in Italy,[78] Taiwan[78] and Iceland, due to local tax laws.

Applications:

  • 1994–1997 Volvo 850 badged as 850 T-5 (2.0)

B5204T2

edit

The B5204T2[72] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5700 rpm, and produces 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2100–5400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

B5204T3

edit

The B5204T3[79] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 8.4:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 5700 rpm and 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5100 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management for model years 1997 and 1998. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 for model years 1999 and 2000. It was only offered in Italy,[78] Portugal,[78] and Taiwan,[78] due to high taxes on cars with more than 2000 cc engine capacity, and also in Norway.

Applications:

B5204T4

edit

The B5204T4[79] is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1.[82] It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5100 rpm, and produces 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm.

Applications:[83]

B5204T5

edit

The B5204T5 is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5300 rpm, and produces 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5300 rpm.

Applications:[86]

B5204T8

edit

The B5204T8 is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5000 rpm, and produces 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–4200 rpm.[89]

Applications:[90]

B5204T9

edit

The B5204T9 is a 2.0 L (1,984 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 213 PS (157 kW; 210 hp)[92] at 6000 rpm, and produces 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5000 rpm.

Applications:[93]

B5234 (2.3)

edit

B5234FS

edit

The B5234FS is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated and was only available on Thai market cars.

Applications:

B5234T

edit

The B5234T[95] is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp)[96][97] at 5200 rpm and 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque between 2000 and 5200 rpm.[95] It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T2

edit

The B5234T2 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 218 PS (160 kW; 215 hp)[78] at 5100 rpm and 330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–4500 rpm.[78] It was only available on Thailand market cars.

Applications:

B5234T3

edit

The B5234T3[72] is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is equipped with a Mitsubishi TD04HL-16T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 240 PS (176 kW; 236 hp) at 5100 rpm and 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5100 rpm. Model years 1997 and 1998 are equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management, model years 1999 and up are equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management. Also added for the 1999 model year was variable valve timing for the exhaust cam. For model year 2001 and up power output was increased to 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5200 rpm with 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5200 rpm.

Applications:[99]

B5234T4

edit

The B5234T4 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 6000 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management. The 850 R models come with a TD04HL-16T turbo, S70 R and V70 R models come with a TD04HL-18T turbo.

Applications:

B5234T5

edit

The B5234T5, sometimes also referred to as B5234FT5,[104] is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled.
The T-5R has two different ratings for the power output: 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 5600 rpm under normal conditions and 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 5600 rpm with overboost.[75] It provides 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3000–4800 rpm on cars with a manual transmission and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5600 rpm on cars with an automatic transmission.[75] The R has a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5400rpm[105] and 350 N⋅m (258 lb.ft). It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.3 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T6

edit

The B5234T6[109] is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 6000 rpm and 310 N⋅m (230 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T7

edit

The B5234T7 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5000 rpm and 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.[110]

Applications:

  • 1998–2000 Volvo S70 badged as .
  • 1998–2000 Volvo V70 badged as .
  • 2000–2004 Volvo S80 badged as S80 2.3T
  • 2001–2004 Volvo S60 badged as S60 2.3T

B5234T8

edit

The B5234T8 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5700 rpm and 310 N⋅m (230 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2700–5100 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

B5234T9

edit

The B5234T9 is a 2.3 L (2,319 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 5400 rpm and 330 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400–5100 rpm.[112] It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

  • 2003–2005 Volvo C70 badged as C70 T5 (convertible)

B5244 (2.4)

edit

B5244S

edit

The B5244S is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. This engine is naturally aspirated and was offered in two versions with different power levels:

A detuned version with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 152 lb⋅ft (206 N⋅m) of torque at 3600 rpm.
An uprated version with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 5700 rpm,[100] with 170 lb⋅ft (230 N⋅m) of torque at 4500 rpm. From model year 2000 on the engine was equipped with intake cam VVT.

Applications:

B5244S2

edit

The B5244S2 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5700 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3750 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:[116]

B5244S4

edit

The B5244S4 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6000 rpm with 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4400 rpm. It features intake cam VVT.

Applications:[118]

B5244S5

edit

The B5244S5 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5000 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm.

Applications:[120]

B5244S6

edit

SULEV+ engine variant for California.

B5244S7

edit

SULEV+ engine variant with PremAir for California.[124]

Applications:

B5244SG

edit

The B5244SG[126] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 4500 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3750 rpm when using petrol; and 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5800 rpm with 192 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4500 rpm when using natural gas.[127] This particular engine is a Bi-Fuel variant that is optimized for CNG.[87]

Applications:

B5244SG2

edit

The B5244SG2 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke 90 mm (3.5 in) is with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 4500 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3750 rpm when using petrol;[129] and 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) at 5100 rpm with 214 N⋅m (158 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4500 rpm when using LPG.[128] This particular engine is a Bi-Fuel variant that is optimized for LPG.

Applications:

B5244T

edit

The B5244T[82] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp)[100][130] at 5100 rpm[130] with 270 N⋅m (200 lb⋅ft)[131] of torque between 1600 and 5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management. The B5244T was also the most common engine used in Volvo police vehicles of that era. Mainly in the 2000 Volvo V70 & V70 XC.

Applications:

B5244T2

edit

The B5244T2[132] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1 (Dutch owners manual says it is 9.0:1). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 265 PS (195 kW; 261 hp)[133] at 5700 rpm with 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2400 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.
It was available with the 4 speed and 5-speed AW50/51AWD automatic transmissions.[134]

Applications:

B5244T3

edit

The B5244T3 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9:1. It is equipped with a Mitsubishi TD04HL-13T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 6000 rpm with 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800-5000 rpm.[113] It features exhaust cam VVT.

Applications:

B5244T4

edit

The B5244T4 is a 2.4 L (2,401 cc) straight-five For the Thai and Malaysian markets. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in). It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 5000 rpm with 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500 rpm.[136] It features VVT for both the intake and exhaust cams.

Applications:

B5244T5

edit

The B5244T5 is a 2.4 L (2,401 cc) straight-five. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 260 PS (191 kW; 256 hp) at 5500 rpm with 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2100 rpm. It features VVT for both intake and exhaust cam. It is equipped with a BorgWarner K24-7400 turbocharger.

This engine is known for being a plug and play substitute for the B5254T4 engine, which had problems with cracked cylinder liners.

Applications:[137]

B5244T7

edit

The B5244T7 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5700 rpm[85] with 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1800 and 5000 rpm. It features VVT for exhaust cam. It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.

Applications:

B5252/5254 (2.4/2.5)

edit

B5252S

edit

The B5252S[72] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 hp at 5400 rpm with 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:[141]

B5252FS

edit

The B5252FS is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated and it is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.

Applications:

GB5252S

edit

The GB5252S[109] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm when using petrol; and a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5250 rpm with 180 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3650 rpm when using natural gas.[143] It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management for petrol operation and Necam MEGA for natural gas operation.

This engine was only available with the 4-speed AW50-42LE automatic[144] with three shift modes.[145]

Applications:

GB5252S2

edit

The GB5252S2[109] is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 144 PS (106 kW; 142 hp) at 5400 rpm with 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm when using petrol; and a power output of 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5250 rpm with 180 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3650 rpm when using natural gas. It is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management for petrol operation and Necam MEGA for natural gas operation. This engine was only available with the 4-speed AW50-42LE automatic with adaptive shift logic.

Applications:

B5254F

edit

The B5254F is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6100 rpm with 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4700 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management and features V-VIS.

Applications:

B5254FS

edit

The B5254FS is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It has a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) with 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3300 rpm.[77] It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management and features V-VIS. This was also used by Renault for their Safrane, in which application it was codenamed N7U.

Applications:

B5254S

edit

The B5254S,[103] sometimes referred to as B5254S LH 3.2 or B5254S M4.4, is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6100 rpm with 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4700 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management and features V-VIS for model years 1995 and 1996. From model year 1997 on it is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.

Applications:

B5254T

edit

The B5254T is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp)[158] at 5100 rpm,[111] with 270 N⋅m (200 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm.[111] Compression ratio is 9.0:1. It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management for model years 1997 and 1998.[159] It is equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management for model year 1999. Boost pressure is limited to 0.06 psi (0 kPa).[160]

Applications:

B5254T2

edit

The B5254T2 is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is equipped with a Mitsubishi TD04L-14T turbocharger and intercooled with a power output of 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft)[163] of torque at 1500–4500 rpm.

Applications:[164]

B5254T3

edit

The B5254T3 is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–4800 rpm. On cars with the AW55-51 automatic transmission, torque is limited in first and second gear.[168] It has CVVT and is equipped with Bosch ME 9.0[169] engine management system.[170] Unlike previous designs, the turbocharger is integral with the exhaust manifold.

Adaptations of this engine were used by Ford, with power levels ranging from 220 PS (217 bhp)[171] to 350PS (345 bhp).[172] At Ford the engine was called "Duratec-ST",[173] "Duratec ST"[174] or "Duratec RS".[175]

Applications:[176]

  • 2005–2008 Volvo S40 II[124] badged as S40 T5
  • 2005–2008 Volvo V50[124][177] badged as V50 T5
  • 2007 Volvo C30 badged as C30 T5
  • 2006[178]–2007[179] Volvo C70 badged as C70 T5
  • 2005[180]–2011 Ford Focus[169] badged as Focus ST[181]
  • 2007–2010 Ford Mondeo Mk4 badged as XR5 Turbo for the Australian market.
  • 2007–2010 Ford S-Max
  • 2009[182]–2010[183] Ford Focus badged as Focus RS[182] The engines as configured for the Ford Focus RS Mk. 2 and RS500 were not used in any Volvo model. They can be described as a RNC version of the S60R/V70R B5254T4 engine. Lower compression (different pistons), stronger connecting rods, and same geometry camshafts as B5254T4 but different (dual) VVT units. These engines use a slightly larger Borg-Warner K16 turbo, the K16 turbo is an integrated manifold turbocharger, but it does not outperform the K24 used on the B5254T4 S60R/V70R engine.[184]
  • 2011 Ford Focus badged as Focus RS 500[172]
  • 2008–2012 Ford Kuga badged as Kuga 2.5T[185][186] 2008–2010 Euro 4, 2011–2012 Euro 5. Australian delivered Kuga received the B5254T6 motor from 2008 to 2011.

B5254T4

edit

The B5254T4[187] is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled and equipped with dual VVT. It produces 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 5500 rpm with 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5250 rpm with the 6-speed manual transmission[nb 11];[140] 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 6000 rpm with 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1850–6000 rpm[188] with the 5-speed automatic transmission[nb 12]. Cars with the 6–speed automatic transmission[nb 13] were not torque limited.

It is equipped with a BorgWarner K24 turbocharger.[189]

Applications:[190]

B5254T5

edit

The B5254T5 is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5500 rpm with 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) of torque between 1800 and 4200 rpm.

Applications:

B5254T6

edit

The B5254T6 is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 4800 rpm with 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–4500 rpm. (220 PS and 320 Nm in the Ford Mondeo and S-max)

Applications:

Not in Australian Mondeo xr5. That received the B5254T3 VVT engine same as the focus xr5.

B5254T7

edit

The B5254T7 is 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 230 PS (169 kW; 227 hp) at 5000 rpm with 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–5000 rpm. It is equipped with Bosch ME9 engine management. For models with the AW55-51 automatic transmission torque is limited in first and second gear. The turbocharger is still integrated into the exhaust manifold, but is of a different design.

Applications:[198]

B5254T8

edit

The B5254T8 is a 2.5 L (2,522 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 4800 rpm with 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1500–4500 rpm.[nb 14]

Applications:

  • 2009–2011 Volvo S80 II badged as S80 2.5FT[201]
  • 2009 Volvo V70 III badged as V70 2.5FT'

B5254T10

edit

The B5254T10 is a 2.5 L (2,521 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) at 4800 rpm with 340 N⋅m (251 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1700–4800 rpm.

Applications:[202]

B5254T11

edit

The B5254T11 is a 2.5 L (2,521 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) at 4800 rpm with 340 N⋅m (251 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1700–4800 rpm.

Applications:[204]

B5254T12

edit

The B5254T12 is a 2.5 L (2,497 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 92.3 mm (3.6 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 254 PS (187 kW; 251 hp) at 5400 rpm with 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4800 rpm.[205] The TF-80SD and TF-80SC transmissions are available with this engine.[206]

Applications:

B5254T14

edit

The B5254T14 is a 2.5 L (2,497 cc) straight-five. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 92.3 mm (3.6 in) with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 249 PS (183 kW; 246 hp) at 5400 rpm with 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–4200 rpm. The T14 is the final update of the five cylinder engines before it was discontinued entirely for MY 2017.

Applications:

Six-cylinder engines (B6)

edit

B6244 (2.4)

edit

B6244FS

edit

The B6244FS is a 2.4 L (2,381 cc) straight-six. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5800 rpm with 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4400 rpm.

Applications:

B6254 (2.5)

edit

B6254FS

edit

The B6254FS is a 2.5 L (2,473 cc) straight-six. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 80 mm (3.1 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 5700 rpm with 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4400 rpm.[214]

Applications:

B6254G

edit

Non-catalyst, leaded-fuel compatible version of the B6254S, for regions with limited availability of unleaded fuel.

B6284 (2.8)

edit

B6284T

edit

The B6284T is a 2.8 L (2,783 cc)[216] straight-six. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is twin-turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 5400 rpm, with 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2000–5000 rpm.[216]

Applications:

B6294/6304 (2.9)

edit

B6294S

edit

The B6294S is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5200 rpm[87] with 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4200 rpm.

Applications:

B6294S2

edit

The B6294S is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 196 PS (144 kW; 193 hp) at 5200 rpm with 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3900 rpm.

Applications:

B6294T

edit

The B6294T[220] is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It is twin-turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) at 5200 rpm with 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) of torque at 1800–5000 rpm. It features dual VVT.

Applications:[221]

B6304S

edit

The B6304S is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six.[223] Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.7:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp)[224] at 5200 rpm with 267 N⋅m (197 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4100 rpm.

Fix problem with two different versions having same engine code but different design(s). Pre MY99 is mechanical throttle, MY99 and onward is with drive by wire. Different power outputs.

Applications:

B6304F1

edit

The B6304F1 is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.7:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 6000 rpm with 267 N⋅m (197 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4300 rpm.

Applications:

B6304S2

edit

The B6304S2 is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Engine output was reduced to 180 hp (134 kW; 182 PS) and 199 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) by changing the cam profile (back then without variable valve timing) in favour of emissions regulations. Same camshafts as on the B6254S engine were used.

Applications:

  • Volvo 960 later model years / various

B6304S3

edit

The B6304S3[228] is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. It has the same bore and stroke (83x90 mm) as the B6294, but the deciliter number was rounded up (i.e. 2,922 cc to 3,000 cc). These engines produced 204 hp (152 kW; 207 PS) at 6000 rpm, and 197 lb⋅ft (267 N⋅m) of torque at 4300 rpm.

Applications:

B6304G

edit

The B6304G is a 2.9 L (2,922 cc) straight-six. Bore is 83 mm (3.3 in) and stroke is 90 mm (3.5 in) with a compression ratio of 10.7:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) at 6000 rpm,[229] and 267 N⋅m (197 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4300 rpm.[230] It is adapted to run on leaded gasoline as well as lead free gasoline.

Applications:

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Multi-Point Electronic Gas Injection
  2. ^ Total width including manifolds
  3. ^ First generation Bi-Fuel models with NECAM & Fenix 5.2 engine management
  4. ^ Models with automatic transmission
  5. ^ Models with automatic transmission
  6. ^ Models with manual transmission
  7. ^ Models with manual transmission
  8. ^ Models with manual transmission
  9. ^ Models with automatic transmission
  10. ^ Models with automatic transmission
  11. ^ Volvo M66C AWD transmission
  12. ^ Aisin AW55-51 transmission
  13. ^ Aisin TF 80-SC AWD transmission
  14. ^ Available only on the Thai market

References

edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Volvo modular engines.
  1. ^ "Volvo MY 2016 VIN decoder - USA/Canada". www.nhtsa.dot.gov. Volvo Cars of North America. 25 September 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016.
  2. ^ "LH3.2 ignition system" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2006.
  3. ^ "Haynes automotive technical data book - Volvo 960" (PDF). users.net1.cc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2014.
  4. ^ "New six-cylinder powers Volvo 960". www.oocities.org. Volvo Cars of North America. 1 October 1991. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015.
  5. ^ "Engine & Performance: Bosch ME7 & ME9". www.wothrline.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013.
  6. ^ a b "Volvo 2000 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1999. Archived from the original on 6 November 2009.
  7. ^ "Volvo V70 - 1997 brochure" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car UK Ltd. 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2003.
  8. ^ "2000 S40 & V40" (PDF). www.matthewsvolvosite.com. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2010.
  9. ^ "Volvo VIN code 2004 Model Year - United States & Canada" (PDF). www.nhtsa.gov. 17 March 2003.
  10. ^ "Volvo 850 Bi-Fuel - sound environmental solution to vehicle exhaust" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. 3 April 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2006.
  11. ^ a b Johan Westerberg (June 2000). "Folkhemsherrgård!". egmont-media.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com (in Swedish). Picture by Lennart Pettersson. Auto, Motor & Sport. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018.
  12. ^ Sten Jönsson (2002). "GRI-rapport 2002:7 - Projects and core values" (PDF). gupea.ub.gu.se. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2016.
  13. ^ Greg Kable (13 June 2005). "Volvo's Super 6 - Hot new powerplant for Ford, Jaguar models too". www.autoweek.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2015.
  14. ^ Herb Shuldiner (1 March 2006). "Volvo unveils new inline engine for S80". www.wardsauto.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016.
  15. ^ Thomas Günnel (13 May 2013). "Volvo startet Produktion eigener VEA-Motoren" [Volvo starts production of own VEA engines]. www.automobil-industrie.vogel.de (in German). Archived from the original on 5 January 2016.
  16. ^ a b c d "Technical information - Engine - Volvo 850 GLT" (PDF). www.volvoclub.ru. Volvo Car Corporation. 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2006.
  17. ^ "Volvo 480ES - First front wheel drive Volvo turns 25 years". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016.
  18. ^ "Volvo 850 with four world-firsts turns 20". media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017.
  19. ^ "20 Jahre Volvo 850: Schwere Geburt, später Erfolg, heute gesucht" [20 years of Volvo 850: Difficult start, late success, today wanted]. www.focus.de (in German). 17 July 2011. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012.
  20. ^ "Volvo 850 Projekt Galaxy "Att sikta mot stjärnorna"" [Volvo 850 Project Galaxy: "Targeting the stars"] (in Swedish). 7 December 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2017 – via Youtube.
  21. ^ "Volvo 850 – Siktade mot stjärnorna". www.vibilagare.se (in Swedish). 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 28 April 2014.
  22. ^ "D5 - Volvo's own diesel engine". autoworld.com.my. 6 August 2002. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016.
  23. ^ Perry Shoar (1 June 2014). "1993 Volvo 850 GLT - Divergent Evolution". www.curbsideclassic.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014.
  24. ^ "2.9L 6Cyl - 1994 Volvo 960" (PDF). caunter.ca. Volvo Cars of North America. 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2005.
  25. ^ "Picture of prototype engine" (JPG). flickr.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016.
  26. ^ "Press release". media.volvocars.com (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  27. ^ "Volvo 1993" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 1993. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2006.
  28. ^ "Volvo 850 (1991–1996)". media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015.
  29. ^ "Modified VVIS control" (PDF). www.paerl.it. 11 December 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2017.
  30. ^ "1997 Volvo 850 wiring diagram" (PDF). www.volvowiringdiagrams.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1996. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  31. ^ "Volvo parts catalogue - Volvo 850 European version". weblisher.textalk.se. Volvo Car Corporation. 1996. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  32. ^ "Volvo S40 (1995–2012)". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015.
  33. ^ "Annual Report 1995, Volvo Cars". www3.volvo.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1996. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013.
  34. ^ "Volvo 1996" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. October 1995. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2006.
  35. ^ "Volvo S80: Volvo's most complete model - even in winter". www.volvogroup.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 25 January 1999. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  36. ^ "Volvo S80 technical presentation" (PDF). www.myvolvolibrary.info. Volvo Car Corporation. 1998. pp. 11–19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2017. Internal pages 9 to 15
  37. ^ a b "Volvo S80. Driving Experience". volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 1998. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017.
  38. ^ "S40 Press Release for 2003" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  39. ^ a b "The engines in the new Volvo V70 - Economy, Power and Performance". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2000. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  40. ^ "Brief overview of 2001 model changes". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2000. Archived from the original on 30 September 2017.
  41. ^ "Volvo S60, Model Year 2009". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 11 July 2008. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016.
  42. ^ "Erfolg bei Volvo" [Success at Volvo]. www.automobil-industrie.vogel.de (in German). 26 April 2004. Archived from the original on 30 September 2017.
  43. ^ "The all-new Volvo S40: A broad powertrain programme with seven engine options". www.media.volvocars.com (in French). Volvo Car Corporation. 8 September 2003. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  44. ^ "Variable Ventilsteuerung CVVT von Volvo optimiert" [Variable valve control 'CVVT' optimized by Volvo]. www.autosieger.de (in German). 13 October 2004. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015.
  45. ^ "The All New Volvo S80 - Engines". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 28 February 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.
  46. ^ "The new Volvo S80 powered by new six-cylinder in-line engine". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 23 January 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.
  47. ^ "Fuel distributor #30677700". www.volvopartswebstore.com (Parts diagram). Volvo Car Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017.
  48. ^ "History 940 & 960". www.volvotips.com. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017.
  49. ^ "Ignition system 6-Cylinder B6304FS, B6304GS". www.volvopartswebstore.com (Parts diagram). Volvo Car Corporation. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
  50. ^ a b c "2004 Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70 Betriebsanleitung MY04" [2004 Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70 owner's manual MY04] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. pp. 147–148. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  51. ^ a b "2A. Engine -1999" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk (TechDoc). Volvo Car Vorporation. 2000. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2017.
  52. ^ "B4164S" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk (TechDoc). Volvo Car Corporation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2005.
  53. ^ "Volvo S40 and V40 T4 - New addition to the family". www.car.volvo.se. Volvo Car Corporation. 14 August 1997. Archived from the original on 17 October 1997.
  54. ^ a b c "Technische gegevens" [Technical specifications] (Owner's manual) (in Dutch). Volvo Car Corporation. 1998. p. 150. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017.
  55. ^ "Volvo S40 Business prijslijst" [Volvo S40 Business price list] (PDF). volvo-tools-prd-media.s3.amazonaws.com (Sales brochure) (in Dutch). 17 August 1999. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 January 2018.
  56. ^ "2B. Engine 2000-" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2016.
  57. ^ parts number 9157135 or 9157138
  58. ^ "1996 Volvo UK model range" (PDF). www.volvotips.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 15 October 1995. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2017.
  59. ^ a b c "Volvo S40 and V40 T4 - Technical specifications". www.car.volvo.se. Volvo Car Corporation. 14 August 1997. Archived from the original on 17 October 1997.
  60. ^ a b "Technische gegevens" [Technical specifications] (Owner's manual) (in Dutch). Volvo Car Corporation. 1998. p. 151. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017.
  61. ^ "Cars with the B4204S engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  62. ^ a b c "The Volvo S40 and V40 2.0 T with new turbo technology - better, faster, more economical". www.car.volvo.se. Volvo Car Corporation. 15 October 1997. Archived from the original on 17 October 1997.
  63. ^ a b c "Engine specifications". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1999. p. 121. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  64. ^ "S40/V40 Engine specifications MY01". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2000. p. 123. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.
  65. ^ "Cars with the B4204T3 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  66. ^ a b c "S40/V40 Engine specifications MY04". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. p. 123. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017.
  67. ^ "Timing belt cover sticker for B4204T4 engine" (JPG). www.volvospeed.com. 2 December 2006. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017.
  68. ^ "S40/V40 Engine specifications MY03". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2002. p. 123. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  69. ^ a b "Engine specifications". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. p. 123. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  70. ^ "Volvo S40 technical specifications (2003)" (PDF). Volvo Car UK Ltd. 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2018.
  71. ^ "Cars with the B4204T5 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Volvo S70 - Technical specifications" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. 1997. pp. 2–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2019.
  73. ^ "Cars with the B5202S engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  74. ^ Volvo TP 0302207
  75. ^ a b c d e "Volvo Preisliste Modelljahr 1996" [Volvo price list model year 1996.] (PDF). www.r-modelle.info (in German). Volvo Cars Germany. 1995. pp. 2–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 September 2016.
  76. ^ "Sec. 2 B 5204/5254, B 5252, B 5234 Engines" (PDF) (TechDoc). Volvo Car Corporation. 1992. pp. 1–21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2016.
  77. ^ a b c "Technische Daten Benzineinspritzsystem LH 3.2" [Technical specifications fuel injection system LH 3.2] (PDF) (TechDoc) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 1995. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2017.
  78. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Turbocharged engines" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 1998. pp. 1–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.
  79. ^ a b "Volvo Product Training - Volvo C70 Convertible - Features & Benefits" (PDF). Volvo Cars UK. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2003.
  80. ^ "1998 Volvo S80 T5 technical specifications". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.
  81. ^ "Volvo S80 - Versions and Engines by year (1998 to 2006)". www.volvohowto.com. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  82. ^ a b "Betriebsanleitung Volvo C70 1999" [1999 Volvo C70 owner's manual] (PDF). motor-talk.de (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 1998. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016.
  83. ^ "Cars with the B5204T4 engine". carfolio.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  84. ^ a b c d e f "Volvo C70" (PDF). volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. August 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016.
  85. ^ a b "Volvo C70 pricing MY05" (PDF). Volvo Car UK Ltd. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017.
  86. ^ "Cars with the B5204T5 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  87. ^ a b c d e f g h "Volvo S80 Betriebsanleitung MY06" [Volvo S80 owner's manual MY06] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2005. pp. 158–163. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2016.
  88. ^ "Volvo S80" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. August 2002. pp. 1–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2015.
  89. ^ a b c "S60 Betriebsanleitung MY13" [S60 owner's manual MY13] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2012. p. 392. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  90. ^ "Cars with the B5204T8 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  91. ^ "2014 V40 - Technical Data". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  92. ^ a b c d "Volvo V60 Betriebsanleitung MY13" [Volvo V60 owner's manual MY13] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2012. p. 402. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  93. ^ "Cars with the B5204T9 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  94. ^ "S80L owners manual MY15" (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in Chinese). Volvo Car Corporation. 2014. pp. 322–329. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2017.
  95. ^ a b c "850 T5" (PDF) (Press release). Volvo Car UK Ltd. October 1993. pp. 11–18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 September 2018.
  96. ^ "Road Test: Volvo 850 T-5 Sportswagon" (JPG). s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com. CAR magazine. January 1996. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016.
  97. ^ "From the Archives: Volvo 850 T-5 Sportswagon". www.carmag.co.za. CAR magazine. 7 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017.
  98. ^ a b c "Volvo 850" (PDF). www.volvotips.com (in Dutch). pp. 42–43. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2017.
  99. ^ "Cars with the B5234T3 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  100. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "2000 S & V70". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1999. p. 135. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  101. ^ "Volvo C70 technical specifications" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.
  102. ^ "850 R". www.r-modelle.info (in German). Archived from the original on 5 November 2016.
  103. ^ a b c "Volvo 1997 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1996. Archived from the original on 1 May 2014.
  104. ^ "Technische gegevens 850 T-5R sedan" [Technical specifications 850 T-5R sedan] (JPG) (in Dutch). July 1994. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  105. ^ "Volvo Preisliste Modelljahr 1997" [Volvo price list model year 1997] (PDF). www.motor-talk.de (in German). Köln: Volvo Deutschland Gmbh. 24 April 1996. pp. 10–17. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  106. ^ a b "Volvo 1995 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1994. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017.
  107. ^ "Volvo 1996 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". Volvo Cars of North America. 1995. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  108. ^ "Volvo 1997 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1996. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  109. ^ a b c "Volvo 1999 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". new.volvocars.com. 1998. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017.
  110. ^ "2004 Volvo S80 Betriebsanleitung" [2004 Volvo S80 owner's manual] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  111. ^ a b c d e "pg. 135 Engine". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1998. p. 135. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  112. ^ a b "2004 Volvo C70 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. p. 127. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017.
  113. ^ a b c "2002 Volvo S60 Owner´s manual". www.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2001. p. 203. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  114. ^ a b c d "Volvo S80 engine specifications" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. January 2003. pp. 1–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 November 2017.
  115. ^ a b c d "Volvo S80 prijslijst juli 2001" [Volvo S80 price list July 2001] (PDF). volvo-tools-prd-media.s3.amazonaws.com (in Dutch). Volvo Cars NL. 2 July 2001. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  116. ^ "Cars with the B5244S2 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  117. ^ "Specificaties Volvo S80 Limited Edition" [Specifications Volvo S80 Limited Edition] (PDF) (in Dutch). Volvo Car BV Netherlands. 1 December 1999. p. 2. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  118. ^ "Cars with the B5244S4 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  119. ^ "Volvo C30 Betriebsanleitung MY07" [Volvo C30 owner's manual MY07] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. p. 255. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2018.
  120. ^ "Cars with the B5244S5 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  121. ^ "Volvo C30 Betriebsanleitung MY06" [Volvo C30 owner's manual MY06] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2005. p. 211. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  122. ^ "Volvo C70 Betriebsanleitung MY10" [Volvo C70 owner's manual MY10] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2009. p. 281. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  123. ^ "Volvo C70 Betriebsanleitung MY07" [Volvo C70 owner's manual MY07] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  124. ^ a b c "New Car Features 0520" (PDF) (Technical presentation). Volvo Car Corporation. March 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2016.
  125. ^ a b "Volvo S40 owner's manual MY09" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. 2008. p. 270. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018.
  126. ^ "B5244SG engine sticker" (in English and German). Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  127. ^ a b "Volvo V70 Einzelpreisliste" [Volvo V70 single price liste] (PDF). www.motor-talk.de (in German). Volvo Car Germany Gmbh. 8 July 2002. pp. 2, 12–13. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017.
  128. ^ a b c "Volvo S60 & S60 R Betriebsanleitung MY05" [Volvo S60 & S60 R owner's manual MY05] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2004. p. 219. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2016.
  129. ^ a b "Volvo Bi-Fuel" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Cars Ltd. May 2003. pp. 9–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2017.
  130. ^ a b c "2000 Volvo C70 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1999. p. 123. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  131. ^ a b "2002 Volvo C70 Coupe & Convertible owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2001. p. 131. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  132. ^ "VIDA printout for MY2000 V70 R AWD". forums.swedespeed.com. 1 June 2017. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017.
  133. ^ Bjørnsen, Bente (29 May 1999). "Fornyet Volvo V70 R AWD: Stor, sterk og sporty" [Renewed Volvo V70 R AWD: Big, strong and sporty]. www.dinside.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 12 July 2017.
  134. ^ "The V70 revolution continues". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. August 1999. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017.
  135. ^ "Volvo s80 prijslijst 22 januari 2001" [Volvo S80 price list 22 January 2001] (PDF). volvo-tools-prd-media.s3.amazonaws.com (in Dutch). Volvo Cars NL. 22 January 2011. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2019.
  136. ^ "Betriebsanleitung Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70 MY05" [Owner's manual Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70] (PDF) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2004. pp. 168–169. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2017.
  137. ^ "Cars with the B5244T5 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  138. ^ "Volvo S60 Press Information" (PDF) (Press brochure). Volvo Car UK Ltd. May 2004. pp. 37–39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2016.
  139. ^ "2005 Volvo V70 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2004. p. 163. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017.
  140. ^ a b "Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70 Betriebsanleitung MY06" [Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70 owner's manual MY06] (PDF). esd.volvocars.com (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2013.
  141. ^ "Cars with the B5252 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  142. ^ a b "1996 Volvo 850 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1995. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  143. ^ a b 新車試乗記 ボルボ V70 バイフューエルを試乗レポート！ [Test drive report of the new V70 Bi-Fuel test car!]. www.motordays.com (in Japanese). 19 March 1999. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008.
  144. ^ "Volvo 850 Bi-Fuel - technical specifications" (JPEG). www.motor-talk.de. Volvo Car Corporation. 1996. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017.
  145. ^ a b "Car Test:Volvo V70 Bi-Fuel" (PDF). www.theaa.com. The Automobile Association. February 1998. pp. 1–3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 September 2017. R98811A
  146. ^ a b "C912-09AUG96-RPT" (PDF). California Air Ressource Board. August 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2005.
  147. ^ Donna J. Wood; Jeanne M. Logsdon; Patsy G. Lewellyn; Kim Davenport (17 March 2006). Global Business Citizenship: A Transformative Framework for Ethics and Sustainable Capitalism. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765635563. Retrieved 3 January 2018 – via Google Books.
  148. ^ MartinG. "Volvo 850 Bi-fuel". www.garaget.org (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 5 March 2017.
  149. ^ "Volvo 850 BI-FUEL" (JPG). www.garaget.org (in Swedish). Volvo Car Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017.
  150. ^ "BI-FUEL" (JPG). www.coloribus.com. Forsman & Bodenfors. November 1998. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017.
  151. ^ "Volvo 1993 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". new.volvocars.com. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  152. ^ "Volvo 1994 Version Identification Number (VIN) Decoding". new.volvocars.com. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  153. ^ "Renault Safrane (1996–2000)". www.autoevolution.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016.
  154. ^ "Autoreview: Renault Safrane RXE 2.5 (1998)" [Car review: Renault Safrane RXE 2.5 (1998)]. www.autoweek.nl (in Dutch). 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 4 August 2013.
  155. ^ "1997 Volvo 850 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1996. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017.
  156. ^ part number 9133198
  157. ^ "Barrelbrigade op de rollenbank - Volvo 850 GLT" [Barrelbrigade on the dyno]. www.youtube.com (in Dutch). 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2017 – via Youtube.
  158. ^ a b "pg. 135 Engine". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1997. p. 135. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017.
  159. ^ "Engine management system Motronic 4.4 for the B5254T engine" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2017.
  160. ^ "B5254T, 850" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016.
  161. ^ "Op de rollenbank: Volvo V70 2.5T" [On the dyno: Volvo V70 2.5T]. www.youtube.com (in Dutch). AutoWeek. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2017 – via Youtube.
  162. ^ "1998 Volvo C70: pg. 125 Engine". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 1997. p. 125. Archived from the original on 8 June 2016.
  163. ^ "Volvo V70 pricing" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car UK Ltd. July 2003. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016.
  164. ^ "Cars with the B5254T2 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  165. ^ "2004 Volvo S60 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2003. p. 155. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018.
  166. ^ a b "2004 Volvo V70 brochure" (PDF). Volvo Cars of North America. 2003. p. 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2017.
  167. ^ "2005 Volvo XC90 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2004. p. 172. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017.
  168. ^ "Engines B5244S4 and B5254T3" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018.
  169. ^ a b "Ford Focus ST 2.5T" (PDF). www-celtictuning.co.uk. Celtic Tuning Ltd. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2015.
  170. ^ "Engines: B5244S4 and B5254T3" (PDF). theeshadow.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016.
  171. ^ a b "Ford Mondeo 2.5T". www.autocar.co.uk. AutoCar. 27 April 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  172. ^ a b Jack Rix (15 May 2010). "Ford Focus RS500". www.autoexpress.co.uk. Dennis Publishing Ltd. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017.
  173. ^ "Ford Workshop Manuals > Focus 2004.75 (07.2004-) > Mechanical Repairs > 3 Powertrain > 303 Engine > 303-01D Engine - 2.5L Duratec-ST (VI5) > Specifications". workshop-manuals.com (Workshop manual). Ford Motor Company. 2004. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017.
  174. ^ "2008 Ford Focus Broschüre" [2008 Ford Focus brochure] (PDF) (in German). Köln, Deutschland [Cologne, Germany]: Ford-Werke Gmbh. March 2008. pp. 26–28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. MY2008.25
  175. ^ "2.5L Duratec-RS VI5 Motor" [2.5L Duratec-RS VI5 engine] (PDF) (Table of contents) (in German). Tec-Verlag. pp. 3–6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2017.
  176. ^ "Cars with the B5254T3 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  177. ^ "2005 Volvo V50 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2004. p. 190. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017.
  178. ^ "2006 Volvo C70 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. p. 192. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018.
  179. ^ "2007 Volvo C70 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. p. 241. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018.
  180. ^ Jörg Maltzan (15 November 2005). "Im Focus: 225 PS!" [Focus with 225PS!]. www.autobild.de (in German). AutoBild. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017.
  181. ^ Martin Vogt (31 October 2005). "Fahrbericht Ford Focus ST - Datenblatt" [Drive Review Ford Focus ST - datasheet]. www.focus.de (in German). Archived from the original on 31 January 2018.
  182. ^ a b "Preisliste Focus RS" [price list Focus RS] (PDF) (in German). Ford-Werke Gmbh. 18 December 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.
  183. ^ "Ford Focus RS MK 2". www.autobild.de (in German). AutoBild. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017.
  184. ^ "AirWerks Series Application Range" (PDF). BorgWarner. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  185. ^ Susan Rocchetti (7 January 2010). "Ford Kuga 2.5T Individual - Fahrspaß auf allen Vieren" [Ford Kuga 2.5T Individual - Driving pleasure on all fours]. www.blick.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 27 August 2017.
  186. ^ "Test Ford Kuga 2.5T - Für den Genießer" [Review Ford Kuga 2.5T - for the connoisseur]. www.autobild.de (in German). AutoBild. 21 April 2009. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010.
  187. ^ "Technical update 1" (PDF) (Training material). Volvo Cars of North America. 29 May 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2004.
  188. ^ a b "2007 Volvo V70 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. p. 223. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.
  189. ^ "TurboNews 237 01/04" (PDF). www.turbos.borgwarner.com (in German). BorgWarner Turbo Systems. January 2004. pp. 10–11. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017.
  190. ^ "Cars with the B5254T4 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  191. ^ "Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70 Betriebsanleitung MY07" [Volvo V70, V70 R & XC70 owner's manual MY07] (PDF) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. pp. 236–237. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2016.
  192. ^ "Volvo S60 owner's manual MY12" (PDF). esd.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2011. pp. 238–239. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018.
  193. ^ "Volvo S80 Betriebsanleitung MY07" [Volvo S80 owner's manual MY07] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2006. p. 217. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2017.
  194. ^ "Volvo V70 & XC70 owner's manual MY09" (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net. Volvo Car Corporation. 2008. p. 280. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018.
  195. ^ Richard Porter; Tom Willcocks (8 May 2006). "Ford S-Max 2.5T". www.evo.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016.
  196. ^ Jochen Koblach (21 July 2007). "Ford Mondeo Turnier 2.5 T "Titanium" im Test - Ausnahmsweise" [Ford Mondeo Turnier 2.5 T "Titanium" review - for once]. www.berliner.zeitung.de (in German). Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.
  197. ^ Tim O'Brien (27 August 2008). "2008 Ford Mondeo XR5 Turbo Road Test Review". www.themotorreport.com.au. The Motor Report. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.
  198. ^ "Cars with the B5254T7 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  199. ^ "Volvo C30 owner's manual MY09" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  200. ^ "Volvo C70 Betriebsanleitung MY12" [Volvo C70 owner's manual MY12] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2011. p. 293. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018.
  201. ^ "Volvo S80 Betriebsanleitung MY10" [Volvo S80 owner's manual MY10] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2009. p. 294. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018.
  202. ^ "Cars with the B5254T10 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
  203. ^ "Volvo V70 / XC70 Betriebsanleitung MY12" [Volvo V70 / XC70 owner's manual MY12] (PDF). esd.volvocars.com (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2011. p. 396. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2015.
  204. ^ "Cars with the B5254T11 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  205. ^ a b "Volvo XC60 Preisliste MY15" [Volvo XC60 price list MY15] (PDF) (Price list) (in Austrian German). Volvo Car Austria Gmbh. 1 May 2014. pp. 4, 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2018.
  206. ^ my car has TF-80SC
  207. ^ "Cars with the B5254T12 engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  208. ^ "2013 S60 owner's manual" (PDF). esd.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2012. p. 235. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018.
  209. ^ "2016 Volvo XC70 - specifications". www.media.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016.
  210. ^ a b "Technische Daten Motor" [Technical specifications engine]. support.volvocars.com/de (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2015. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017.
  211. ^ "Motorvorwärmer, elektrisch" [Engine preheater, electric]. accessories.volvocars.com (Installation instructions) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
  212. ^ "Volvo V40 Betriebsanleitung MY14" [Volvo V40 owner's manual MY14] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 January 2018.
  213. ^ "Volvo S60 Betriebsanleitung MY14" [Volvo S60 owner's manual MY14] (PDF). az685612.vo.msecnd.net (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2013. p. 412. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2017.
  214. ^ "Press launch information pack - Volvo 960 1995" (PDF). Volvo Car UK Limited. June 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2017.
  215. ^ "X90 accessories catalogue FR/GB/NL/DE" (PDF). accessories.volvocars.com (Accessories brochure) (in French, English, Dutch, and German). Volvo Car Corporation. 1999. pp. 4–8, 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2015.
  216. ^ a b c "S80 Brochure 1999" (PDF). www.volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. 1999. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.
  217. ^ a b c "1999 Volvo S80 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1998. p. 120. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017.
  218. ^ "2002 Volvo S80 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2001. p. 126. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017.
  219. ^ "2003 Volvo S80 brochure (UK)" (PDF). volvoclub.org.uk. Volvo Car Corporation. April 2003. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2017.
  220. ^ "B6294T engine sticker" (JPG) (in English and German). Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  221. ^ "Cars with the B6294T engine". www.carfolio.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  222. ^ "2003 Volvo S80 owner's manual". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 2002. p. 130. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017.
  223. ^ a b "Es war einmal in Arvika" [Once upon a time in Arvika]. www.autobild.de (in German). AutoBild. 18 August 2003. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014.
  224. ^ a b Schoonderbeek, Pieter (7 November 2012). "Rij-impressie: Jösse Car Indigo 3000" [Driving impressions: Jösse Car Indigo 3000]. www.hartvoorautos.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 October 2017.
  225. ^ "1996 Volvo 960: pg. 9:3 Specifications". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1995. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017.
  226. ^ Mattias Rabe (19 December 2014). "Svenska sportbilen JC Indigo 3000 återuppstår!" [The swedish sport car JC Indigo 3000 returns!]. teknikensvarld.se (in Swedish). Teknikens Värld. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014.
  227. ^ "1996 Volvo 960: pg. 9:3 Specifications". new.volvocars.com. Volvo Car Corporation. 1995. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017.
  228. ^ "Volvo S80 VIN plates". www.volvoclub.org.uk. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016.
  229. ^ "Section 2 B6304 Engine" (PDF) (Workshop manual). Volvo Car Corporation. 1996. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 January 2018.
  230. ^ "Motor B6304G" (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volvo_Modular_engine&oldid=1249661570"