Artist's impression of Galileo's arrival at Jupiter

The Galileo project was an American robotic space program that studied Jupiter and its moons (including Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto), as well as several other Solar System bodies. Named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, the Galileo spacecraft consisted of an orbiter and an atmospheric entry probe. It was launched in 1989 by the Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-34 mission. Despite suffering major antenna problems, Galileo achieved the first asteroid flyby (of 951 Gaspra), discovered the first asteroid moon (Dactyl, around 243 Ida), and observed Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9's collision with Jupiter. After gravity-assisted flybys of Venus and Earth, Galileo became the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter. It then launched the first probe to directly measure Jupiter's atmosphere. In 2003, the mission was terminated by sending the orbiter into Jupiter's atmosphere to eliminate the possibility of contaminating the Jovian moons with terrestrial bacteria. (Full article...)

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Ferrari FF

• ... that the Ferrari FF (pictured) was, upon its release, the world's fastest four-seater car?
• ... that a Paralympic gold medalist originally did not know that she qualified for parasports?
• ... that Karan Aujla's Hindi-language single "Tauba Tauba" from the 2024 film Bad Newz became a Canadian Hot 100 top-25 song ahead of the film's release?
• ... that Dani Sanchez-Lopez wanted to be an actor but switched to cinematography after realizing that actors deliver others' lines?
• ... that in UnMetal, the player has to heal any enemies whom they shoot?
• ... that manga artist Shinichi Ishizuka was told that becoming a manga artist would be "absolutely impossible"?
• ... that two Wisconsin radio stations purchased and reassembled the Wisconsin Pavilion from the 1964 New York World's Fair for use as their studios?
• ... that the extension to the Yumeshima Station was originally supposed to be opened in 2008 for when the Osaka Olympics was being bid for?
• ... that Tonia Ko once composed a three-part concerto played on bubble wrap?

Daron Acemoglu

• The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is awarded to Daron Acemoglu (pictured), Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson for their comparative studies of prosperity between nations.
• The comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) is visible in the western sky after sunset.
• Kenyan Ruth Chepng'etich breaks the women's marathon world record at the Chicago Marathon.

October 18: Alaska Day (1867)

Bob Beamon

• 1565 – The first recorded naval battle between Europeans and the Japanese occurred when a flotilla of samurai attacked two Portuguese trade vessels at the Battle of Fukuda Bay in Nagasaki.
• 1748 – The War of the Austrian Succession ended with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
• 1873 – Renton defeated Kilmarnock 2–0 in the opening match of the inaugural Scottish Cup.
• 1968 – At the Summer Olympics in Mexico City, American athlete Bob Beamon (pictured) achieved a distance of 8.90 m (29.2 ft) in the long jump event, setting a world record that stood for 23 years.
• 2019 – Protests in Santiago that started 11 days prior escalated into open battle against the Chilean national police, forcing President Sebastián Piñera to declare a state of emergency.