Truku War

In 1896, due to the rising anger of the Truku people, Japanese Second Lieutenant Yuuki and his 21 subordinates were ambushed and killed in Xincheng, Hualien. This episode is known as the Xincheng Incident. In 1906, the Weili Incident resulted in the death of 36 people including Japanese merchants and those in the Hualien Administrative Division due to the dispute of the Truku people over the Japanese monopoly on production of natural camphor.^[3]

Governor-General of Taiwan Sakuma Samata's ultimate goal was to attack the Truku tribe and take control of the mountainous area in Hualien to exploit the natural resources such as minerals and wood. In 1913, the Governor-General of Taiwan gave orders to the relative divisions to evaluate and assess the population of the locals in the Hualien/Taroko area. The Truku people resided in eastern Taiwan and were mostly isolated by natural barriers such as rivers, cliffs and the coastline. There were 15 villages in Btulan area, 33 villages in the outer Taroko area, and 46 villages in the inner Taroko area, with a total population of around 15,000 people. About 5,000 of them were able to join the war.^{[clarification needed]} It is estimated that the local aboriginals were equipped with more than 2,000 modern weapons like Mausers, Murata rifles, Winchester rifles, and Matchlocks with about 50,000 rounds of ammunition.^[4]

Sakuma Samata, at that time Governor-General of Taiwan, employed massive resources in order to contain and overpower the resistance of Truku warriors, mobilizing as many as 20,000 soldiers and police officers on the field against a population of about 2,000 aboriginals. During a battle, Sakuma Samata was seriously injured. In the second half of August 1914, the Japanese declared victory over the Truku and on August 28, the Governor-General of Taiwan declared the end of the war.^[2]

After the war, the Governor-General of Taiwan conducted the restoration of damaged bridges, roads, and local police posts. The weapons owned by the aboriginals were confiscated and the escaped aboriginal tribal people were pacified. New subdivisions under Hualien Administrative Division were set up in Xincheng and inner-Taroko areas. Further police forces were introduced into remote mountain areas taking thorough and full control of the aboriginal neighborhoods. Many Truku people were moved in groups to the plains and were scattered into many different locations. Some were moved to Chinese Han neighborhoods as well. By taking this action, the Japanese hoped to undermine the Truku's social structure, traditional culture and beliefs. Aboriginal Children's Education Centers were introduced in every police administrative areas in order to promote Japanese culture.^[5]

Traditional tribal lifestyles and means of self-sustenance of Truku people such as hunting and local farming were also discouraged, pushing for the development of fixed-farming agriculture such as silk, ramie, and tobacco.^[2]

• History of Taiwan

• Han Cheung (23 October 2016). "Taiwan in Time: The long road to retaliation". Taipei Times. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
• Han Cheung (30 October 2016). "Taiwan in Time: Fighting for the oppressor". Taipei Times. Retrieved 30 October 2016.