| Name | Proto-Germanic | Old English | Old Norse |
|---|---|---|---|
| *Þurisaz | Þorn | Þurs | |
| "giant" | "thorn" | "giant" | |
| Shape | Elder Futhark | Futhorc | Younger Futhark |
 | |||
| Unicode | ᚦ U+16A6 | ||
| Transliteration | þ | ||
| Transcription | þ | þ, ð | |
| IPA | [θ] | [θ], [ð] | |
| Position in rune-row | 3 | ||
The rune ᚦ is called Thurs (Old Norse Þurs, a type of entity, from a reconstructed Common Germanic *Þurisaz) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called thorn, whence the name of the letter þ derived. It is transliterated as þ, and has the sound value of a voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (the English sound of th as in thing).
The rune is absent from the earliest Vimose inscriptions, but it is found in the Thorsberg chape inscription, dated to ca. AD 200.
The rune may have been an original innovation, or it may have been adapted from the classical Latin alphabet's D,[1] or from the Rhaetic's alphabet's Θ.[2]
Name
editIn Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn or "Þorn" and it survives as the Icelandic letter Þ (þ). An attempt has been made to account for the substitution of names by taking "thorn" to be a kenning (metaphor) for "giant".
It is disputed as to whether a distinct system of Gothic runes ever existed, but it is clear that most of the names (but not most of the shapes) of the letters of the Gothic alphabet correspond to those of the Elder Futhark. The name of 𐌸, the Gothic letter corresponding to Þ is an exception; it is recorded as þiuþ "(the) good" in the Codex Vindobonensis 795, and as such unrelated to either þurs or þorn. The lack of agreement between the various glyphs and their names in Gothic, Anglo-Saxon, and Old Norse makes it difficult to reconstruct the Elder Futhark rune's Proto-Germanic name.
Assuming that the Scandinavian name þurs is the most plausible reflex of the Elder Futhark name, a Common Germanic form *þurisaz can be reconstructed (cf. Old English þyrs "giant, ogre" and Old High German duris-es "(of the) giant").
Rune poems
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The Germanic rune ᚦ is mentioned in three rune poems:[3]
| Rune Poem:[4] | English Translation: |
|
Old Norwegian
|
|
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Old Icelandic
|
|
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Anglo-Saxon
|
|
Notes:
| |
References
edit- ^ Odenstedt, Bengt (1990), On the Origin and Early History of the Runic Script, Typology and Graphic Variation in the Older Futhark, Uppsala, ISBN 91-85352-20-9
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). - ^ Gippert, Jost, The Development of Old Germanic Alphabets, Uni Frankfurt, archived from the original on 25 February 2021, retrieved 21 March 2007.
- ^ Dickins, Bruce (12 June 2009). Runic and Heroic Poems of the Old Teutonic Peoples (1915). Cornell University Library. ASIN B003E7F8LW.
- ^ Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page Archived 1999-05-01 at the Wayback Machine.