Spirovsky District (Russian: Спи́ровский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[4] district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Maksatikhinsky District in the north, Likhoslavlsky District in the east, Torzhoksky District in the south, and with Vyshnevolotsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,498 square kilometers (578 sq mi).[7] Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Spirovo.[1] Population: 12,203 (2010 Census);[2] 13,805 (2002 Census);[8] 15,412 (1989 Soviet census).[9] The population of Spirovo accounts for 51.4% of the district's total population.[2]
Spirovsky District
Спировский район | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of Spirovsky District in Tver Oblast | |
| Coordinates: 57°25′08″N 34°59′27″E / 57.41889°N 34.99083°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Tver Oblast[1] |
| Established | 1929 |
| Administrative center | Spirovo[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,498 km2 (578 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 12,203 |
| • Density | 8.1/km2 (21/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 51.4% |
| • Rural | 48.6% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 1 Urban settlements, 4 Rural settlements |
| • Inhabited localities | 1 Urban-type settlements[3], 140 rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Spirovsky Municipal District[4] |
| • Municipal divisions[5] | 1 urban settlements, 4 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [6]) |
| OKTMO ID | 28552000 |
| Website | http://spirovoraion.ru/ |
Geography
editThe area of the district is elongated from southwest to northeast. The whole area belongs to the river basin of the Volga River and is split between three of its major tributaries. The rivers in the northeastern part of the district drain into the Tifina, in the basin of the Mologa River. The central part of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Medveditsa River. The southwestern part of the district belongs to the basin of the Tvertsa River. Both the Tvertsa and the Tifina cross the district, whereas the source of the Medveditsa is located in the district.
History
editVydropuzhsk, one of the oldest settlement in the district, was first mentioned in 1545.[10] In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanlandia Governorate (since 1710 known as Saint Petersburg Governorate), and in 1727 Novgorod Governorate split off. On April 2, 1772 Vyshnevolotsky Uyezd of Novgorod Governorate was established, with the seat in Vyshny Volochyok. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and the area was transferred to Tver Viceroyalty, which in 1796 was transformed to Tver Governorate. The area was split between Vyshnevolotsky and Novotorzhsky Uyezds. In particular, Vydropuzhsk belonged to Novotorzhsky Uyezd,[11] whereas Spirovo, which was founded in 1847, belonged to Vyshnevolotsky Uyezd.[12]
On July 12, 1929 the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Spirovsky District, with the administrative center in Spirovo, was established within Tver Okrug of Moscow Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Spirovsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.[13] In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by Nikita Khrushchev, Spirovsky District was merged into Vyshnevolotsky District, but on January 12, 1965 it was re-established. During this period, Spirovo was administratively a part of the town of Vyshny Volochyok.[10] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.
Another district created on July 12, 1929 was Tolmachyovsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Tolmachi. It was a part of Tver Okrug of Moscow Oblast. On January 29, 1935 the district was transferred to Tver Oblast, and on March 5, 1935 it was renamed Novokarelsky District. On July 9, 1937 it was transferred to Karelian National Okrug, a Tver Karelians autonomy. On February 7, 1939 the okrug was abolished, and the district was subordinated directly to Kalinin Oblast. On July 4, 1956 it was abolished and split between Spirovsky and Likhoslavlsky Districts.[13]
On July 9, 1937 Kozlovsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Kozlovo was established as a part of Karelian National Okrug. On February 7, 1939 it was subordinated directly to Kalinin Oblast. On July 4, 1956 it was abolished and split between Maksatikhinsky and Spirovsky Districts.[13]
Economy
editIndustry
editGlassmaking industry accounts for 81% of the GDP of all industry of the district. The first glass-making factory was built in Spirovo in 1886 by merchant Kruglov and is still in operation. There are also enterprises of food industry.[14]
Agriculture
editThe main agricultural specialization of the district is cattle breeding with meat and milk production.[15]
Transportation
editThe Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway crosses the district from the southeast to the northwest. The most significant station in the district is Spirovo.
The M10 highway, which connects Moscow and St. Petersburg, crosses the western part of the district. Spirovo has access to M10. There are local roads as well, with the bus traffic originating from Spirovo.
Culture and recreation
editThe district contains eight cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally forty-three objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments are buildings that remain of the Staraya Dubrovka Estate in the village of Dubrovka.[16] Some of the buildings of Staraya Dubrovka were designed by architect Nikolay Lvov.[10]
There is a local museum, located in Spirovo.[17]
Spirovsky District is one of four districts of Tver Oblast with a significant number of Tver Karelians.[18]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 252», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 252, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
- ^ a b Law #4-ZO
- ^ Law #47-ZO
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Общие сведения о районе (in Russian). Администрация Спировского района Тверской области. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c История района (in Russian). Администрация Спировского района Тверской области. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
- ^ СНМ Новоторжского уезда (in Russian). Архивные карты. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
- ^ Вышневолоцкий историко-краеведческий альманах “ВИКА” (in Russian). Тверская областная библиотека им. А.М. Горького. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
- ^ a b c Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
- ^ Промышленность (in Russian). Администрация Спировского района Тверской области. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
- ^ Сельское хозяйство (in Russian). Администрация Спировского района. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ Тестова, Татьяна. В краеведческий музей Спирова переданы военные фотодокументы (in Russian). tverlife.ru. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
- ^ Манаков, А.Г. (2002). Геокультурное пространство северо-запада Русской равнины: Динамика, структура, иерархия (in Russian). Pskov: Центр «Возрождение». ISBN 5-902166-02-0.
Sources
edit- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №47-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Спировский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #47-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Spirovsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).