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There are no primary sources listing Hildegard of Bingen as an Abbess. She did not officially have that title, and the fact she did not have that specific title is an important piece of her history. Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
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'''Hildegard of Bingen''' [[Benedictines|OSB]], ({{langx|de|Hildegard von Bingen}}, {{IPA|de|ˈhɪldəɡaʁt fɔn ˈbɪŋən|pron}}; {{langx|la|Hildegardis Bingensis}}; {{circa|1098}}{{snd}}17 September 1179), also known as the '''Sibyl of the Rhine''', was a German [[Benedictines|Benedictine
[[Disibodenberg|Hildegard's convent at Disibodenberg]] elected her as {{lang|la|magistra}} ([[mother superior]]) in 1136. She founded the monasteries of [[Rupertsberg]] in 1150 and [[Eibingen Abbey|Eibingen]] in 1165. Hildegard wrote theological, botanical, and medicinal works,<ref>Campbell, Olivia, ''[https://daily.jstor.org/abortion-remedies-medieval-catholic-nun/ Abortion Remedies from a Medieval Catholic Nun(!)]'', [[JSTOR Daily]], October 13, 2021</ref> as well as letters, [[hymn]]s, and [[antiphon]]s for the [[liturgy]].<ref name=post97 /> She wrote poems, and supervised miniature [[illumination (manuscript)|illuminations]] in the Rupertsberg [[manuscript]] of her first work, {{lang|la|[[Scivias]]}}.<ref name="Rupertsberg MS images">Caviness, Madeline. "Artist: 'To See, Hear, and Know All at Once'", in ''Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen and Her World'', ed. Barbara Newman (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), pp. 110–24; Nathaniel M. Campbell, ''Imago expandit splendorem suum: Hildegard of Bingen's Visio-Theological Designs in the Rupertsberg Scivias Manuscript'' in ''Eikón/Imago'' 4 (2013, Vol. 2, No. 2), pp. 1–68, accessible online [http://capire.es/eikonimago/index.php/eikonimago/article/view/88/pdf here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716031746/http://capire.es/eikonimago/index.php/eikonimago/article/view/88/pdf |date=16 July 2014 }}.</ref> There are more surviving chants by Hildegard than by any other composer from the entire Middle Ages, and she is one of the few known composers to have written both the music and the words.<ref name="Burkholder, J. Peter 2006">Burkholder, J. Peter, Claude V. Palisca, and Donald Jay Grout. 2006. Norton anthology of western music. New York: W.W. Norton.</ref> One of her works, the {{lang|la|[[Ordo Virtutum]]}}, is an early example of liturgical drama and arguably the oldest surviving [[morality play]].{{efn|Some writers have speculated a distant origin for opera in this piece, though without any evidence. See: [http://www.m-w.com/dictionary]; alt Opera, see Florentine Camerata in the province of Milan, Italy. [http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/misc/opera.html] and [http://www.kitbraz.com/gen/rev/1998nytmirapaulHild.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612233614/http://www.kitbraz.com/gen/rev/1998nytmirapaulHild.html |date=12 June 2016 }}}} She is noted for the invention of a [[constructed language]] known as {{lang|la|[[Lingua Ignota]]}}.
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