Saw Hnit (Burmese: စောနှစ်, pronounced [sɔ́ n̥ɪʔ]; also spelled စောနစ်, [sɔ́ nɪʔ], Saw Nit or Min Lulin; 1283–1325) was a viceroy of Pagan (Bagan) from 1297 to 1325 under the suzerain of Myinsaing Kingdom in central Burma (Myanmar). He was a son of the Mongol vassal king Kyawswa, and a grandson of Narathihapate, the last sovereign king of Pagan dynasty. Saw Hnit succeeded as "king" after his father was forced to abdicate the throne by the three brothers of Myinsaing in December 1297.[6]
| Saw Hnit စောနှစ် | |
|---|---|
| Viceroy of Pagan | |
| Reign | 1299–1325[1] |
| Coronation | 8 May 1299[2] |
| Predecessor | Kyawswa |
| Successor | Uzana II |
| Born | 1283 (Saturday born) Pagan (Bagan) |
| Died | 1325 (aged 42) Pagan |
| Consort | Saw Thitmahti[3] |
| Issue | Uzana II Atula Sanda Dewi[4] Yazathura of Pinle[note 1] |
| House | Pagan |
| Father | Kyawswa |
| Mother | Saw Soe[5] |
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
The brothers put him on the throne, officially styled as the king of Pagan, but essentially their viceroy.[7] His authority amounted to the region around the Pagan city.[8] The viceroy gave his first audience on 8 May 1299.[2] He raised his father's chief queen Saw Thitmahti as his own chief queen.[9] Two days later, the three brothers executed his brother Theingapati and his father Kyawswa.[7]
King Swa Saw Ke of Ava (r. 1367–1400) was a grandnephew of Saw Hnit.[8]
Dates
editSaw Hnit was a son of King Kyawswa. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles.[10]
| Chronicles | Birth–Death | Age | Reign | Length of reign |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zatadawbon Yazawin | 1285/86–1331/32 | 46 | 1300/01–1331/32 | 31 |
| Maha Yazawin | 1285/86–1322/23 | 37 | 1300/01–1322/23 | 22 |
| Yazawin Thit | 1279/80–1330/31 | 51 | 1298/99–1330/31 | 32 |
| Hmannan Yazawin | 1283/84–1325/26 | 42 | 1298/99–1325/26 | 27 |
Ancestry
editThe following is the ancestry of Saw Hnit as reported by the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 360, 402–403). He was descended from Pagan kings from both sides. His parents were second cousins, once removed.[5]
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Notes
edit- ^ (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 82): Yazathura was the younger brother of Atula Sanda. His children were Min Letya of Nyaungyan and Yandathu I of Lanbu.
References
editBibliography
edit- Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
- Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
- Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
- Than Tun (December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". Journal of Burma Research Society. XLII (II).