The turbot (English: /ˈtɜːrbət/ TUR-bət, French: [tyʁbo].;[2] Scophthalmus maximus) is a relatively large species of flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae. It is a demersal fish native to marine or brackish waters of the Northeast Atlantic, Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is an important food fish.[3] Turbot in the Black Sea have often been included in this species, but are now generally regarded as separate, the Black Sea turbot or kalkan (S. maeoticus).[4] True turbot are not found in the Northwest Atlantic; the "turbot" of that region, which was involved in the so-called "Turbot War" between Canada and Spain, is the Greenland halibut or Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides).[5]
| Turbot | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Carangiformes |
| Family: | Scophthalmidae |
| Genus: | Scophthalmus |
| Species: | S. maximus
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| Binomial name | |
| Scophthalmus maximus | |
| Synonyms | |
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List
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Etymology
editThe word comes from the Old French tourbout, which may be a derivative of the Latin turbo ('spinning top'), a possible reference to its shape.[6] Another possible origin of the Old French word is from Old Swedish törnbut, from törn 'thorn' + -but 'stump, butt, flatfish', which may also be a reference to its shape (compare native English halibut).[7] Early reference to the turbot can be found in a satirical poem ("The Emperor's Fish") by Juvenal, a Roman poet of the late 1st and early 2nd centuries AD, suggesting this fish was a delicacy in the Roman empire.
Description
editThe turbot is a large left eyed flatfish found primarily close to shore in sandy shallow waters throughout the Mediterranean, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, and the North Atlantic. The European turbot has an asymmetric disk-shaped body, and has been known to grow up to one metre (40 inches) long and 25 kilograms (55 pounds) in weight.[3][8]
Fisheries
editTurbot is highly prized as a food fish for its delicate flavour, and is also known as brat, breet, britt, or butt. It is a valuable commercial species, acquired through aquaculture and trawling. Turbot are farmed in Bulgaria, Canada, France, Spain, Portugal, Romania, Turkey, Chile, Norway, and China.[9] Turbot has a bright white flesh that retains this appearance when cooked. Like all flatfish, turbot yields four fillets with meatier topside portions that may be baked, poached, steamed, or pan-fried.
References
edit- ^ Cardinale, M.; Chanet, B.; Martínez Portela, P.; Munroe, T.A.; Nimmegeers, S.; Shlyakhov, V.; Turan, C.; Vansteenbrugge, L. (2021). "Scophthalmus maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T198731A144939322. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T198731A144939322.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "turbot". dictionary.reference.com.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Psetta maxima". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Scophthalmus". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ Stephens, T. (2009). International Courts and Environmental Protection. Cambridge University Press. pp. 212–214. ISBN 978-0-521-88122-7.
- ^ "turbot, n.". OED Online. Oxford University Press. December 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
- ^ "turbot". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Psetta Maxima Archived 2011-02-23 at the Wayback Machine Seafood Portal