Hripsime (Armenian: Հռիփսիմէ, died c. 290[2]), also called Rhipsime, Ripsime, Ripsima, Ripsimia, Ripsimus, Arbsima or Arsema (Ge'ez: አርሴማ), was a martyr of Roman origin; she and her companions in martyrdom are venerated as some of the first Christian martyrs of Armenia.[3]
Hripsime Սուրբ Հռիփսիմէ | |
|---|---|
 Icon at Saint Hripsime Church in Vagharshapat | |
| Martyr | |
| Born | 3rd century Rome, Italy |
| Died | 9 October 290 Vagharshapat, Kingdom of Armenia |
| Venerated in | |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Major shrine | St. Hripsime Church, Echmiadzin |
| Feast |
|
| Attributes | Martyr's palm Crown Cross |
| Patronage | |
Biography
editAccording to legend, Hripsime was possibly of noble birth.[4] She belonged to a community of virgins in Rome, numbering 35[5] under the leadership of Gayane. She was known to be extremely beautiful and attracted the notice of Diocletian. To avoid his advances she, along with her community, fled the city, going first to Alexandria before settling in Vagharshapat.[3] The varying accounts of her martyrdom diverge at this point. One story indicates that Hripsime again was noticed for her beauty, this time by King Tiridates III, who proceeded to pursue her. Upon being brought before him, she refused his advances and was punished by being roasted alive. Gayane was then put to death by Tiridates' soldiers, as were all the members of her community except for Nune (or Marine), who was later a missionary in Georgia[3] and, as Saint Nino, is praised as the founder of the Georgian Orthodox Church.
Another version of the Saint's Acts indicates that, upon discovering Hripsime's whereabouts, Diocletian sent a letter to Tiridates insisting that he either send her back or take her for himself. The king's servants found her among her companions, the nuns, and urged her to follow his wishes. She responded that she could not marry as she was betrothed to Jesus Christ, as were the others. At this, a voice from heaven was heard, saying, "Be brave and fear not, for I am with you".[6] Upon this, Tiridates ordered that Hripsime be tortured; her tongue was cut out, her stomach cut open, and she was blinded before being killed. Her body was then cut into pieces. Inspired by her example, Gayane and two other nuns gave themselves over to similar treatment before being beheaded. The rest of the community was put to the sword, their bodies thrown to the beasts to be eaten. By God's Will, Tiridates and his soldiers were punished by God for their actions; the soldiers were beset by devils and began acting like wild animals, running through the forests, gnawing at themselves, and tearing their clothes.[6] The King was then turned into a wild boar for his actions, and had to be saved by the intervention of Gregory the Illuminator.[7]
St. Hripsime Church, Echmiadzin
editSt. Hripsime Church in Echmiadzin is dedicated to Hripsime; the current structure was consecrated in 618, and contains her tomb in the catacombs beneath the building.[8] According to legend, Christ designated the spot for the shrine by descending from heaven in a shaft of light and smiting the ground with a golden hammer until the earth shook.[9] Some of the saint's relics, along with items relating to Tiridates and Gregory the Illuminator, were pillaged by Persians during an invasion in 1604, but were restored in 1638.[10]
Feast
editIn the Catholic tradition, Hripsime and her companions are commemorated with a feast day of 29 September;[3] the Orthodox Church in America commemorates them on 30 September.[5] The Armenian Apostolic Church remembers Hripsime and her companions on 4 June; Gayane and her companions are commemorated separately, on 5 June.[11]
Veneration in Ethiopia
editSaint Hripsime is one of the most venerated saints in Ethiopia. She is known as "Arsema" (አርሴማ) to Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. Currently there are three well known churches and monasteries named after her in Ethiopia. Among the churches, the oldest one, is found in one of the Lake Tana islands. There are many old icons in the church portraying how she was martyred by Tiridates III (Dirtadis in Ethiopian languages) and how the cruel king was changed into a beast after killing her. There is annual pilgrimage by Ethiopian Christians to this church in January. There are also Christian songs praising her faith and martyrdom. The book entitled Gedle Arsema, meaning "Martyr of Arsema", is found almost in every spiritual bookshop throughout Ethiopia. Her story is told in the Ethiopian Synaxarium on Mäskäräm 29 (which equates to 26 or 27 September on the Julian Calendar, and 9 or 10 October on the Gregorian Calendar) which coincides with the date of the saint's martyrdom.[12][13]
Legacy
editIn honour of the saint, Hripsime remains a fairly common female name in Armenia, as do its variants; likewise, Arsema is a very popular name among Ethiopian and Eritrean Christians.
Notes and references
edit- ^ http://www.copticchurch.net/classes/synex.php?month=1&day=29&btn=View&lang= [dead link]
- ^ Other sources, such as this one Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine, suggest a date at the start of the fourth century.
- ^ a b c d Catholic Online. "St. Rhipsime - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". Catholic.org. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ^ "Female Martyrs. Martyrs, female martyrs, Christian martyrs, early martyrs, first martyrs, persecutions of the early Christians, Christian persecution, early Christian martyrs". Tonyfinlay.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ^ a b "Lives of all saints commemorated on this day". OCA. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ^ a b "St. Rhipsime of Armenia". Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
- ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gregory the Illuminator". Newadvent.org. 1910-06-01. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ^ "Hripsime Cathedral". Armeniapedia.org. 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ^ Conybeare, Frederick Cornwallis (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 565–566.
- ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Etschmiadzin". Newadvent.org. 1909-05-01. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
- ^ "Church Calendar". Archived from the original on 2008-06-15. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church: A Translation of the Ethiopic Synaxarium: Made from the Manuscripts Oriental 660 and 661 in the British Museum. 4 vols Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928.
- ^ https://eotcstmichaelv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/the_ethiopian_synaxarium.pdf#60