Prognoz, also known as SO (Solar Object, first three satellites), SO-M (SO-modified, next seven satellites), and SO-M2 (last two satellites, also known as Interball), was a Soviet scientific research satellite programme. Twelve Prognoz satellites were launched between 14 April 1972, and 29 August 1996, by Molniya-M carrier rockets. The satellites were placed in high Earth orbits. The first ten Prognoz satellites were launched from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and the last two from Site 43/3 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome.[1][2][3]
 | |
| Manufacturer | Lavochkin |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Soviet Union |
| Operator | RVSN |
| Applications | Scientific research |
| Specifications | |
| Launch mass | 920 kilograms (2,030 lb) |
| Regime | HEO |
| Production | |
| Status | Retired |
| Launched | 12 |
| Retired | 12 |
| Maiden launch | Prognoz 1 14 April 1972 |
| Last launch | Prognoz 12 29 August 1996 |
The satellites were primarily used for Solar research; however, the later satellites were used for other kinds of research, including research into the Big Bang theory, and Earth's magnetosphere.[4] The tenth satellite was used as part of the Interkosmos programme.
Satellites
edit| Designation[5] | Launch date/time (GMT)[6] | Mass[4] | Apogee initial[5] |
Perigee initial[5] |
Inclination initial[5] |
Mission[4][5] | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prognoz 1 | 14 April 1972, 00:54 | 845 kilograms (1,863 lb) | 199,667 kilometres (124,067 mi) | 1,005 kilometres (624 mi) | 65° | Study Solar activity | |
| Prognoz 2 | 29 June 1972, 03:47 | 845 kilograms (1,863 lb) | 201,804 kilometres (125,395 mi) | 517 kilometres (321 mi) | 65.3° | Study Solar activity | |
| Prognoz 3 | 15 February 1973, 01:11 | 845 kilograms (1,863 lb) | 200,000 kilometres (120,000 mi) | 590 kilometres (370 mi) | 65° | Study Solar activity | |
| Prognoz 4 | 22 December 1975, 02:08 | 905 kilograms (1,995 lb) | 199,000 kilometres (124,000 mi) | 634 kilometres (394 mi) | 65° | Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere | |
| Prognoz 5 | 25 November 1976, 03:59 | 930 kilograms (2,050 lb) | 198,560 kilometres (123,380 mi) | 777 kilometres (483 mi) | 65.2° | Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere | |
| Prognoz 6 | 22 September 1977, 00:51 | 910 kilograms (2,010 lb) | 197,867 kilometres (122,949 mi) | 488 kilometres (303 mi) | 65° | Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere | |
| Prognoz 7 | 30 October 1978, 05:23 | 950 kilograms (2,090 lb) | 202,627 kilometres (125,907 mi) | 472 kilometres (293 mi) | 64.9° | Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere UV, X-ray and Gamma ray astronomy |
Carried Czechoslovakian, French, Hungarian and Swedish experiments |
| Prognoz 8 | 25 December 1980, 04:02 | 910 kilograms (2,010 lb) | 197,364 kilometres (122,636 mi) | 978 kilometres (608 mi) | 65.8° | Study Solar radiation and Plasma, and Earth's magnetosphere | Carried Czechoslovakian, Polish and Swedish experiments |
| Prognoz 9 | 1 July 1983, 12:17 | 1,060 kilograms (2,340 lb) | 700,000 kilometres (430,000 mi) | 480 kilometres (300 mi) | 65° | Study Solar and cosmic radiation, Solar Plasma, Earth's magnetosphere and Gamma rays | Carried Czechoslovakian and French experiments |
| Prognoz 10 (Intershock) |
26 April 1985, 05:48 | 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) | 194,734 kilometres (121,002 mi) | 5,975 kilometres (3,713 mi) | 65° | Study Solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere | Intercosmos 23. Carried Czechoslovakian experiments |
| Prognoz 11 (Interball Tail Probe) |
2 August 1995 | 193,064 kilometres (119,964 mi) | 505 kilometres (314 mi) | 63.8° | Study Solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere | ||
| Prognoz 12 (Interball Auroral Probe) |
29 August 1996 | 19,140 kilometres (11,890 mi) | 782 kilometres (486 mi) | 62.8° | Study aurora |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Prognoz 1,2,3 (SO)". Gunter's space page. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
- ^ "Prognoz 4,5,6,7,8,9,10 (SO-M)/Intersputnik 23". Gunter's space page. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
- ^ "Interball 1,2 (SO-M2 #1,2)". Gunter's space page. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
- ^ a b c Encyclopedia Astronautica - Prognoz Archived 2009-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e "Prognoz spacecraft". www.iki.rssi.ru. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
- ^ Encyclopedia Astronautica - Soyuz Archived 2010-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
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