The Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize is an annual award given by the American Physical Society "to recognize and encourage outstanding theoretical or experimental contributions to condensed matter physics."[1] It was endowed by AT&T Bell Laboratories as a means of recognizing outstanding scientific work. The prize is named in honor of Oliver Ellsworth Buckley, a former president of Bell Labs.[2] Before 1982, it was known as the Oliver E. Buckley Solid State Prize. It is one of the most prestigious awards in the field of condensed matter physics.[3][4]
The prize is normally awarded to one person but may be shared if multiple recipients contributed to the same accomplishments. Nominations are active for three years. The prize was endowed in 1952 and first awarded in 1953. Since 2012, the prize has been co-sponsored by HTC-VIA Group.[5]
Recipients
edit| Year | Name | Institution | Citation[a] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1953 | William Shockley | Bell Labs | For contributions to the physics of semiconductors |
| 1954 | John Bardeen | Bell Labs | For contributions to the physics of semiconductor surfaces |
| 1955 | LeRoy Apker | General Electric Research Laboratory | For contributions to the understanding of excitation energy in crystals |
| 1956 | Clifford G. Shull | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | For his work on applications of neutron diffraction to investigate the structures of solids, particularly those of magnetic solids |
| 1957 | Charles Kittel | University of California, Berkeley | For his work on applications of magnetic resonance methods to investigations of the electronic structure of solids |
| 1958 | Nicolaas Bloembergen | Harvard University | For his studies of magnetic resonance, both nuclear and electronic and of its uses in the investigation of solids, liquids and gases |
| 1959 | Conyers Herring | Stanford University | For his interpretation of the transport properties of semiconductors |
| 1960 | Benjamin Lax | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | For his fundamental contributions in microwave and infrared spectroscopy of semiconductors |
| 1961 | Walter Kohn | University of California, San Diego | For his extension and elucidation of the foundations of the electron theory of solids |
| 1962 | Bertram N. Brockhouse | McMaster University | For his outstanding contributions to the neutron scattering studies of plasma and spin-wave spectra in solids |
| 1963 | William M. Fairbank | Stanford University | For his work on the properties of He3 and especially for his part in the experimental discovery of flux quantization in superconductors |
| 1964 | Philip W. Anderson | Princeton University | For his contribution concerning many-body and superexchange interactions, which have led to a new theoretical in-sights into superconductivity, liquid He3, plasmons and magnetism |
| 1965 | Ivar Giaever | General Electric Research Laboratory | For being first to use electron tunneling in the study of the energy gap in super-conductors and for demonstrating the power of this technique |
| 1966 | Theodore H. Maiman | Hughes Research Laboratories | For having been the first to demonstrate experimentally the generation and amplification of optical radiation in solid crystals by stimulated emissions |
| 1967 | Harry G. Drickamer | University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign | For experimental inventiveness, originality and physical insight leading to significant results on the effects of extreme pressures on the electronic and molecular structure of solids |
| 1968 | J. Robert Schrieffer | University of Pennsylvania | For his contributions to many-body theory and its application to the interpretation of experiments, especially in the field of superconductivity |
| 1969 | J. J. Hopfield | Princeton University | For their joint work combining theory and experiment which has advanced the understanding of the interaction of light with solids |
| D. G. Thomas | Bell Labs | ||
| 1970 | Theodore H. Geballe | Stanford University | For their joint experimental investigations of superconductivity which have challenged theoretical understanding and opened up the technology of high field superconductors |
| Bernd T. Matthias | University of California, San Diego | ||
| 1971 | Erwin Hahn | University of California, Berkeley | For his study of the transient response of solids under the action of electromagnetic pulses |
| 1972 | James C. Phillips | Bell Labs | For his synthesis of theoretical and empirical knowledge of band structures and optical properties, and for his use of this understanding to unify the physical and chemical approaches to crystalline bonding |
| 1973 | Gen Shirane | Brookhaven National Laboratory | For his broad contributions to the understanding of structural phase transitions by means of inelastic neutron scattering |
| 1974 | Michael Tinkham | Harvard University | For his experimental investigations of the electromagnetic properties of superconductors |
| 1975 | Albert W. Overhauser | Purdue University | For his invention of dynamic nuclear polarization and for the stimulation provided by his studies of instabilities of the metallic state |
| 1976 | George Feher | University of California, San Diego | For his development of electron nuclear double resonance, and the application of spin resonance to a wide range of problems in the physics of condensed matter |
| 1977 | Leo P. Kadanoff | Brown University | For his contributions to the conceptual understanding of the phase transitions and to the theory of critical phenomena |
| 1978 | George D. Watkins | Lehigh University | For outstanding contributions to the understanding of radiation-induced defects in semiconductors by the imaginative use of experimental techniques and theoretical models |
| 1979 | Marvin Cohen | University of California, Berkeley | For timely explanations and novel predictions of electronic properties of solids through the imaginative use of quantum mechanical calculations |
| 1980 | William E. Spicer | Stanford University | For their effective development and application of photoelectron spectroscopy as an indispensable tool for study of bulk and surface electronic structure of solids |
| Dean E. Eastman | IBM Research | ||
| 1981 | David M. Lee | Cornell University | For their discovery and pioneering research on the superfluid phases of He3 |
| Robert Coleman Richardson | |||
| Douglas D. Osheroff | Bell Labs | ||
| 1982 | Bertrand I. Halperin | Harvard University | For his contributions to the understanding of the changes in matter at phase transitions, especially phenomena occur-ring in magnets, superconductors, and two dimensional solids |
| 1983 | Alan J. Heeger | University of California, Santa Barbara | For his studies of conducting polymers and organic solids, and in particular for his leadership in our understanding of the properties of quasi-one-dimensional conductors |
| 1984 | Daniel C. Tsui | Princeton University | For the discovery of the fractional quantized Hall effect |
| Horst L. Stormer | Bell Labs | ||
| Arthur C. Gossard | |||
| 1985 | Robert O. Pohl | Cornell University | For his pioneering work on low energy excitations in amorphous materials and continued important contributions to the understanding of thermal transport in solids |
| 1986 | Robert B. Laughlin | Stanford University | For his contribution to our understanding of the quantum Hall effect. |
| 1987 | Robert J. Birgeneau | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | For his use of neutron and x-ray scattering experiments to determine the phases and phase transitions of low dimensional systems |
| 1988 | Frank F. Fang | IBM Research | For a series of pioneering experiments which led to fundamental discoveries in the study of two dimensional electron transport phenomena in silicon inversion layers |
| Alan B. Fowler | |||
| Phillip J. Stiles | Brown University | ||
| 1989 | Hellmut Fritzsche | University of Chicago | For his seminal transport studies of impurity band conduction near the metal-insulator transition and his leadership in our understanding of amorphous semi-conductors |
| 1990 | David Edwards | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | For central contributions to the physics of He3–He4 mixtures of liquid and solid helium surfaces, and of spin waves in liquid He3 |
| 1991 | Patrick A. Lee | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | For his innovative contributions to the theory of electronic properties of solids, especially of strongly interacting and disordered materials |
| 1992 | Richard A. Webb | IBM Research | For his discovery of universal conductance fluctuations and the h/e Aharonov Bohm effect in small disordered metallic conductors, and his leadership role in elucidating the physics of mesoscopic system |
| 1993 | F. Duncan M. Haldane | Princeton University | For his contribution to the theory of low-dimensional quantum systems. |
| 1994 | Aron Pinczuk | Bell Labs | |
| 1995 | Rolf Landauer | IBM Research | For his invention of the scattering theory approach to the analysis and modeling of electronic transport. |
| 1996 | Charles Pence Slichter | University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign | For his original and creative applications of the magnetic resonance techniques to elucidate the microscopic properties of condensed matter systems including, especially, superconductors. |
| 1997 | James S. Langer | University of California, Santa Barbara | For contributions to the theory of the kinetics of phase transitions particularly as applied to nucleation and dendritic growth. |
| 1998 | Dale J. van Harlingen | University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign | For using phase-sensitive experiments in the elucidation of the orbital symmetry of the pairing function in high-Tc superconductors. |
| Donald M. Ginsberg | |||
| John R. Kirtley | IBM Research | ||
| Chang C. Tsuei | |||
| 1999 | Sidney R. Nagel | University of Chicago | For his innovative studies of disordered systems ranging from structural glasses to granular materials. |
| 2000 | Gerald J. Dolan | Immunicon Corporation | For pioneering contributions to single electron effects in mesoscopic systems. |
| Theodore A. Fulton | Bell Labs | ||
| Marc A. Kastner | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | ||
| 2001 | Alan Harold Luther | Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics | For fundamental contribution to the theory of interacting electrons in one dimension. |
| Victor John Emery | Brookhaven National Laboratory | ||
| 2002 | Jainendra Jain | Pennsylvania State University | For theoretical and experimental work establishing the composite fermion model for the half-filled Landau level and other quantized Hall systems. |
| Nicholas Read | Yale University | ||
| Robert Willett | Bell Labs | ||
| 2003 | Boris Altshuler | Columbia University | For fundamental contributions to the understanding of the quantum mechanics of electrons in random potentials and confined geometries, including pioneering work on the interplay of interactions and disorder. |
| 2004 | Tom C. Lubensky | University of Pennsylvania | For seminal contributions to the theory of condensed matter systems including the prediction and elucidation of the properties of new, partially ordered phases of complex materials. |
| David R. Nelson | Harvard University | ||
| 2005 | David Awschalom | University of California, Santa Barbara | For fundamental contributions to experimental studies of quantum spin dynamics and spin coherence in condensed matter systems. |
| Myriam Sarachik | City University of New York | ||
| Gabriel Aeppli | London Centre for Nanotechnology | ||
| 2006 | Noel A. Clark | University of Colorado, Boulder | For groundbreaking experimental and theoretical contributions to the fundamental science and applications of liquid crystals, particularly their ferroelectric and chiral properties. |
| Robert Meyer | Brandeis University | ||
| 2007 | James P. Eisenstein | California Institute of Technology | For fundamental experimental and theoretical research on correlated many-electron states in low-dimensional systems. |
| Steven M. Girvin | Yale University | ||
| Allan H. MacDonald | University of Texas, Austin | ||
| 2008 | Mildred Dresselhaus | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | For pioneering contributions to the understanding of electronic properties of materials, especially novel forms of carbon. |
| 2009 | Jagadeesh Moodera | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | For pioneering work in the field of spin-dependent tunneling and for the application of these phenomena to the field of magnetoelectronics. |
| Paul Tedrow | |||
| Robert Meservey | |||
| Terunobu Miyazaki | Tohoku University | ||
| 2010 | Alan L. Mackay | Birkbeck College, University of London | For pioneering contributions to the theory of quasicrystals, including the prediction of their diffraction pattern. |
| Dov Levine | Technion University | ||
| Paul Steinhardt | Princeton University | ||
| 2011 | Juan Carlos Campuzano | Argonne National Laboratory | For innovations in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which advanced the understanding of the cuprate superconductors, and transformed the study of strongly-correlated electronic systems. |
| Peter Johnson | Brookhaven National Laboratory | ||
| Zhi-Xun Shen | Stanford University | ||
| 2012 | Charles L. Kane | University of Pennsylvania | For the theoretical prediction and experimental observation of the quantum spin Hall effect, opening the field of topological insulators. |
| Laurens W. Molenkamp | University of Würzburg | ||
| Shoucheng Zhang | Stanford University | ||
| 2013 | John Slonczewski | IBM Research | For predicting spin-transfer torque and opening the field of current-induced control over magnetic nanostructures. |
| Luc Berger | Carnegie Mellon University | ||
| 2014 | Philip Kim | Columbia University | For his discoveries of unconventional electronic properties of graphene. |
| 2015 | Aharon Kapitulnik | Stanford University | For discovery and pioneering investigations of the superconductor-insulator transition, a paradigm for quantum phase transitions. |
| Allen Goldman | University of Minnesota | ||
| Arthur F. Hebard | University of Florida | ||
| Matthew P. A. Fisher | University of California, Santa Barbara | ||
| 2016 | Eli Yablonovitch | University of California, Berkeley | For seminal achievements in solar cells and strained quantum well lasers, and especially for creating the field of photonic crystals, spanning both fundamental science and practical applications of that science. |
| 2017 | Alexei Kitaev | California Institute of Technology | For theories of topological order and its consequences in a broad range of physical systems. |
| Xiao-Gang Wen | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | ||
| 2018 | Paul Chaikin | New York University | For pioneering contributions that opened new directions in the field of soft condensed matter physics through innovative studies of colloids, polymers, and packing. |
| 2019 | Alexei L. Efros | University of Utah | For pioneering research in the physics of disordered materials and hopping conductivity. |
| Boris I. Shklovskii | University of Minnesota | ||
| Elihu Abrahams | UCLA | ||
| 2020 | Pablo Jarillo-Herrero | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | For the discovery of superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene. |
| 2021 | Moty Heiblum | Weizmann Institute of Science | For discoveries, enabled by ingenious experimental methods, of novel quantum electronic phenomena in mesoscopic and quantum Hall systems, including observation and interpretation of one-electron and two-electron interference, charge fractionalization, and quantized heat conductance in fractional Hall states. |
| 2022 | Emmanuel I. Rashba | Harvard University | For pioneering research on spin-orbit coupling in crystals, particularly the foundational discovery of chiral spin-orbit interactions, which continue to enable new developments in spin transport and topological materials |
| Gene Dresselhaus | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | ||
| 2023 | Ali Yazdani | Princeton University | For innovative applications of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to complex quantum states of matter. |
| J. C. Séamus Davis | University of Oxford University College Cork Cornell University | ||
| 2024 | Ashvin Vishwanath | Harvard University | For groundbreaking theoretical and experimental studies on the collective electronic properties of materials that reflect topological aspects of their band structure. |
| Qikun Xue | Tsinghua University |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ^ "APS—Bell Labs Award". Physics Today. 5 (8): 20–20. 1952-08-01. doi:10.1063/1.3067701. ISSN 0031-9228.
- ^ Kivelson, Steven (2019-01-23). "Shoucheng Zhang (1963–2018)". Nature. 565 (7741): 568–568. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00268-w.
- ^ Xu, Guangyong; Gehring, P. M. (2005-08-01). "Obituary: Dr. Gen Shirane (1924–2005)". Ferroelectrics. 321 (1): 3–4. doi:10.1080/00150190500259566. ISSN 0015-0193.
- ^ "Buckley Prize Receives Major Donation from Taiwanese Company". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2023-10-05.